In recent years, surface protection technology of materials has developed from material protection in ordinary environment to special material protection in harsh environment. The latter mainly includes long-life lubrication and strengthening technology under high speed, high temperature, high pressure and overloading environment, corrosion and protection technology in harsh marine atmosphere, deep-sea environment and radiation environment, as well as repairing and remanufacturing technology for key equipment, etc. The development of the above technologies have promoted the evolution of numerous novel technologies such as magnetron sputtering, multi-arc ion plating, cold spraying, thermal spraying and intelligent anti-corrosion coating. All these techniques have gained rapid growth by application in key industries such as aviation, aerospace, ships, weapons and nuclear power. The current situation and development trend of surface protection technologies of materials under harsh environment over the past years are investigated. Taking major engineering equipment as a starting point, new achievements, new ideas, new methods and new technologies in four technogical fields, including material corrosion and protection, friction and lubrication, wear-resisting and reinforcement as well as repairing and remanufacturing, were reviewed in order to provide technical reference for related research.

Polishing technology is one of the key technologies in modern manufacturing industry. With the development of modern manufacturing technology, the requirements for material polishing accuracy have reached micro and nano level. Compared with traditional polishing technology, laser polishing technology is easier to meet these industrial requirements, and is suitable for a variety of materials such as metal, ceramics and glass. It has attracted extensive attention of scholars at home and abroad in the field of polishing processing. The research progress of laser polishing technology for different materials in recent years is reviewed. Aiming at the thermal stress generated in the process of laser polishing, the effects of process parameters and temperature changes on the effect of laser polishing are analyzed, new laser polishing technology is discussed, and the methods and viewpoints of effectively combining laser polishing with other polishing technologies are combed. According to different materials, the action mechanism of laser polishing technology is summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of laser polishing technology are described. Finally, the future development of laser polishing technology is prospected. It has guiding significance for the unsolved problems in the research of laser polishing and the research direction of laser polishing technology of different materials in the future.

The research progress of multifuctional ceramic coatings formed by microarc oxidation (MAO) technique on metals are reviewed from the views of scientific mechanism, technological design fabrication and applicable performance. The growth phenomenon and formation mechanism of the MAO coating are first introduced. The effects of key process parameters (such as electrolyte composition and electrical parameters) and chemical composition of metal substrate on the coating growth and interface bonding strength are discussed. The strategies on how to fabricate the multifuctional ceramic coatings including wear-resistance, anti-corrosion, thermal protection, dielectric, catalysis and biological performances by tailioring the composition and structure of coatings are extensively reviewed. Finally, the challenges of MAO technique are figured out, and the special attention is dedicated to future developing trends in the view of basic principles, coating processes and engineering applications.

Due to the wide application of metal anti-reflective surface in solar cells, photoelectric products, military stealth and other aspects, the preparation of microstructure metal anti-reflective surface is extremely challenging. Generally, this structure is prepared by a rather complex and time-consuming techniques. The micro-nano anti-reflective structure etched by ultrafast laser micromachining technology has the characteristics of controllability, stability, environmental friendliness and one-step preparation, which has become a research focus. The theoretical model of anti-reflective surface and its influencing factors are combed, and the structure types of antireflective surface etched by ultrafast laser are summarized. The metal micro-nano structures prepared by ultrafast laser may be used in the development and utilization of solar cells, military stealth and application of environmental protection products in the future. Finally, the problems existing in the preparation of anti-reflection micro-nano structure surface by ultra-fast laser etching are summarized, and the application prospects of ultra-fast laser processing of anti-reflection multifunctional surface of micro-nano structure is prospected. The results show that various types of micro-nano structures can be prepared by ultrafast laser texture on the metal surface, and ultra-wide spectrum and low reflectivity of metal surface in various wave bands can be achieved. As the increase of wavelength, the increase rate of the reflectivity is faster; as the increase of wavelength, the reflectivity of a metal surface with micro-nano structures increases more slowly than that of metal surface with relatively smooth structure. The application of ultrafast laser to prepare metal anti-reflective surface in various fields provides a certain theoretical basis and reference significance.

Protective materials are of great significance to improve the reliability and durability of equipment. Polyurea elastomer is a new type of multifunctional material, which can be used in the protection of structure and equipment. It has shown excellent protection effect in many fields, such as explosion-proof and impact resistance, anti-corrosion and waterproof, automotive coatings and so on. Because of its unique energy absorption mechanism, it has become one of the important materials to achieve high efficiency and lightweight protection. The synthesis, structure, development and application of polyurea elastomer are systematically reviewed for the first time. The micro phase separation structure, mechanical properties, impact and explosion-proof mechanism and effect of polyurea elastomer are mainly discussed. Studies show that polyurea elastomer has a positive effect on reducing the explosive shock wave and the penetration load of the projectile. The excellent physical and chemical properties of polyurea elastomer come from its complex internal structure, and microphase separation and hydrogen bonding are its important internal structure characteristics. The existing problems in the research of polyurea elastomer are summarized, and its development prospect is prospected, which provides references for the research of polyurea elastomers and the design of new protective structures.

Although silicon-based non-oxide ceramic materials and their environmental barrier coatings are widely used in the hot end parts of civil and military aircraft engines, the traditional environmental barrier coatings currently used are not ideal for protection. Therefore, it is necessary to study the newly developed rare earth silicate environmental barrier coatings so that they can be widely used in high thrust-to-weight ratio engines. Rare earth silicate environmental barrier coating compared with the traditional environmental barrier coatings, insulating has better stays, and matrix matching of thermal expansion coefficient, such as the silicate ytterbium, and excellent corrosion resistance, such as rare earth silicate ytterbium salt has good resistance to water of oxygen and molten salt corrosion resistance, these performance can effectively increase the silica-based ceramic and coating in the service life of the engine under the bad environment, At present, it has become the first choice of the protective coating material for the aerospace industry engine, so it has become the focus of research in the field of environmental barrier coating materials. From the main application of rare earth silicate coating environment background, properties, preparation methods, failure mechanism and so on system elaborated its various characteristics, this paper puts forward the current rare earth silicate environment barrier coating easy failure of a variety of reasons and the preparation process and performance simulation testing of deficiency, coating for the future improvement and pointed out the direction of the research and development.

Tribological performance of materials can be significantly increased by applying thin solid film technologies. Surface pattern technology can also be used to improve the contact and lubrication behaviors of friction pairs by producing pre-designed patterns on components. In recent years, techniques named as patterned thin solid films which combine surface patterning technology with thin solid film technology have been developed. It has been indicated that in many cases, compared with simply applying surface patterns or full thin solid films, patterned thin films demonstrate comprehensive advantages in improving tribological performance due to the synergy between the enhancement of thin solid films and the regulation of interfacial performance by surface patterns. In this paper, studies on patterned thin film technologies are summarized. Production techniques for patterned thin solid films are introduced and classified. Research work on tribological performance and application of patterned thin solid films are also introduced. The mechanism of the patterned thin solid film techniques are analyzed and discussed. Prospects for the development of the technology are also discussed.

As a new alloy material, multi-principal component high-entropy alloy breaks the traditional alloy design concept of one or two main elements, and is composed of at least five main elements. The high entropy effect makes it have more advantages than traditional alloys in performance, such as high hardness, high strength, high temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. The properties and preparation techniques of high entropy alloy films have attracted much attention from academia and industry. Magnetron sputtering technology has been gradually applied to the preparation and performance research of high entropy alloy films because of its advantages such as low film forming temperature, dense film layer and good binding force. It has a very large engineering application prospect. This paper introduces the characteristics of direct current, radio frequency, ion beam and pulse magnetron sputtering and the application in the high entropy alloy thin film, analyzes the characteristics and law of phase structure of high entropy alloy films under different magnetron sputtering technology as well, and systematically expounds the excellent properties of the films, finally prospects the development direction of high entropy alloy films deposited by magnetron sputtering.

Glare does harm to vision health of liquid crystal display (LCD) screens users. Antiglare coating is an effective way of reducing glare on computer screens. Antiglare structures like surface roughened structure and structure with nanoparticles have been widely used. Aside from traditional antiglare structure, the biomimetic nano structure and the optical interference multicoatstack structure that are widely used in LED and solar cells can also reduce the specular reflection on the screen. A detailed introduction to four antiglare structures, as well as their research status, disadvantagements, mechanisms, and trends in future development is made. According to the analysis of the trend in antiglare technology, the future studies will focus on forming structures on glass surface directly, forming antiglare structure on new screen materials and the study on the antiglare mechanism.

High entropy alloys are regarded as an innovation of alloying theory. They break the traditional design concept of alloy with one or two metal elements as components, and extend the alloy design system to the field with five or more elements as components. High entropy alloys have great potential for development because of the variety and adjustable content of elements. The coatings prepared by laser cladding can be seen as an advanced new material surface modification and equipment maintenance technology. The combination of laser cladding technology and high entropy alloys opens up a new area for its application. Based on the analysis of the existing research foundation, the strengthening mechanism of corrosion resistance, hardness, friction and wear resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance properties of high entropy alloy coatings using laser cladding were summarized. The influence of common high entropy alloy elements and content changes on the microstructure and properties of alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding were analyzed generally. It is hoped to provide reference for the composition selection of high entropy alloy coatings. In the end, the shortcomings of laser-cladedd high entropy alloy coatings in the current researches and the problems that need to be further studied were pointed out. The application prospects and future research directions of high entropy alloys were prospected. Herein, the effects of Al, Ti, Nb, Mo, Ni, Si, B and C elements on the microstructure and properties of high entropy alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding technology were systematically reviewed, looking forward to offering theoretical guidance for the design of laser-cladded high entropy alloy coatings.

As the direction of the innovative development in the remanufacturing industry, intelligent remanufacturing continues to become mature with the development of automation technology, deep learning technology, big data technology, network technology and semiconductor technology on the basis of the extensive application of advanced remanufacturing technology. Based on the undamental theory system of the new generation of artificial intelligence (AI), this paper takes the upgrade of automation industry in remanufacturing development process in China as the origin, and systematically illustrates the necessity, inevitability and urgency of developing intelligent remanufacturing from the perspective of macro remanufacturing industry system in combination with key technology systems in the industry. Additionally, it also sorts out the realization way, technical system and development goals of intelligent remanufacturing, sums up the overall framework and technical route of intelligent remanufacturing, and provides an outlook of the establishment of intelligent remanufacturing system and the development of overall technology in the future.

Diamond / copper composites has become the research focus of a new generation of thermal management materials due to its low density, high thermal conductivity and adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion. The diamond / copper composites are reviewed in three directions: theory, experiment and simulation, which is expected to provide reference and ideas for research and industry development in the field of thermal management. This paper reviews the development history of diamond / copper composites, summarizes the important particle mixing theoretical models and “sandwich” composite structure empirical formulas of diamond / copper composites, studies the important factors affecting two thermal performance indicators such as thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, and briefly describes application of the finite element simulation in diamond / copper composites. Among them, the influence of interface modification (type of active modified elements and thickness of modified layers) on the thermal conductivity of diamond / copper composites is mainly analyzed. The results show that the diamond / copper composites prepared by interfacial modification, increased contact area, and driven by higher temperature and pressure mechanisms have excellent thermophysical properties. Finally, methods such as bimodal diamond, carburizing, and surface texture of large-size diamond self-supporting films are proposed based on the obtained conclusions, which can be used to improve the interface bonding strength and heat dissipation performance of diamond / copper composites.

Submerged arc surfacing is an important method for roll repair in metallurgical industry. The single field of temperature field or stress field in the process of submerged arc welding of roller has been studied, but few researches on submerged arc welding flow field are carried out. The electromagnetic force and temperature gradient are closely related to the flow in the weld pool. Therefore, based on the thermo elastic plastic theory and CFD method, a thermo elastic plastic fluid multi field coupling model of roll surfacing process is established. The evolution laws of temperature field, stress field and flow field were obtained. The influence of surface tension, electromagnetic force and buoyancy on the flow state and morphology of weld pool was analyzed. At the same time, the surfacing process was analyzed by material characterization. This research has a certain practical significance to predict the change law of multi physical field, the evolution mechanism of molten pool flow field, and effectively prevent surfacing cracking.

Diamond-like carbon film has good lubricating properties, and the wear debris or tribo-layer structure at the friction interface affect the friction behavior. Doped diamond-like carbon film is an important category, which is characterized by combining different elements with the structure of amorphous carbon to improve its mechanical, tribological, electrochemical and other properties. The effects of incorporation of different non-metals and metal elements on the mechanical properties of diamond-like carbon films are reported. The tribological properties are discussed to obtain the general trend or correlation based on their chemical composition. Finally, the development of element-doped diamond-like carbon films is prospected.

Ultrafast laser texturing is a new surface processing method that uses ultrashort pulse laser technologies such as picosecond and femtosecond lasers to prepare finer texture structures based on reducing heat source damage on the surface of materials. With the development and application of bionics, the surface structure features of animals and plants have been gradually applied to the surface of materials, and surface properties such as wear resistance, anticorrosion, defrosting, antireflection, and antifouling have been obtained. However, biomimetic textures are processed by long pulse lasers. The surface is significantly affected by heat, and the texture size cannot be refined. Therefore, ultrafast laser preparation of biomimetic textures has been adopted because it can realize refined design and processing of textures and greatly improve the reproduction accuracy of biomimetic textures. Moreover, it enhances the mechanical properties of the material surface and provides better surface quality. At present, biomimetic targets for the preparation of biomimetic textures using ultrafast lasers are gradually expanding from shark skins and lotus leaves to carapaces, moth eyes, feathers, and other biological structures with surface properties. The main texture types are micro-nano composites, array geometries, and random textures. Using ultrafast lasers, a series of biomimetic texture performance studies and optimizations have been performed to explore the ablation mechanisms of different materials. In this paper, the research progress of ultrafast laser biomimetic texture is reviewed in terms of the three properties of wear resistance, wetting, and antireflection, and the processing principle of ultrafast lasers is introduced. Ultrafast lasers enable energy deposition to occur at a solid density and ultrashort pulse width, change the interaction mechanism between the laser and matter, and effectively reduce thermal effects. The ablation thresholds of different materials are summarized in this paper. Through the study of biomimetic textures such as the composite micro-convex structure of lotus leaves, accompanying wave and convex structure of insects, and ridged-scale structure on the surface of reptiles and shark skin, it was found that the density of the texture surface and direction of friction convergence are important factors affecting the frictional behavior of textures. By controlling the texture parameters, ultrafast laser biomimetic textures can reduce the friction coefficient of most metals by 20–40%. Through superhydrophobic structures such as bionic rose petals and mosquito compound eyes, the contact angle of the material surface can reach a superhydrophobic state of more than 150° hich effectively improves the anticorrosion, microchannel, and antifrost performance. In general, micropillar arrays with small diameters, dense spacings, and large depths exhibit better hydrophobic effects. However, the influence of the laser on the material surface increases its chemical polarity, leading to hydrophilicity. However, with the adsorption of carbon atoms and organic matter, the nonpolar bonds on the material surface increase, resulting in a decrease in the free energy of the material surface and causing the occurrence of the wettability transition phenomenon. Therefore, the wettability of a laser-machined surface can be changed by controlling the free energy of the material surface. Femtosecond lasers can be used to fabricate micro- to nanostructures on silicon thin films, improving their light-harvesting capabilities. Changing the laser processing medium can further increase the texture density and significantly reduce the reflectivity. Additionally, other elements can be doped into the material surface under the action of pulsed radiation, thereby further improving the antireflection performance of materials. In summary, the technology of biomimetic texture preparation using ultrafast lasers is gradually being applied in many fields such as machinery, medical treatment, aviation, and infrared detection. Using ultrafast lasers to fabricate biomimetic textures to realize and optimize various functional surfaces has become a current research hotspot. Finally, this paper summarizes the basic principles of ultrafast laser processing and comprehensively discusses the sources of biomimetic designs for three types of textures, including wear resistance, wetting, and antireflection, as well as the design and processing methods of the parameters for the three types of textures in different application environments. The action mechanism and principle of ultrafast laser biomimetic texture are analyzed. Furthermore, the ultrafast laser processing of biomimetic texture is comprehensively described and the development direction of ultrafast laser biomimetic texture preparation is provided.

As an effective way to improve the interface properties of friction surfaces, surface texture technology has become one of the research hot spots in the fields of tribology and surface engineering. However, the investigations of mechanisms and surface texture’ s summary of optimization design demands improvement. Firstly, the reasons for the lubrication improvement on the textured surfaces are revealed based on the study of the textured loading capacity mechanisms and anti-wear mechanisms. Then, the textured optimization design system is summarized from three aspects: optimization of textured shapes, optimization of textured distributions and objective optimization algorithms. And the research progress of textured optimization design is reviewed. Finally, researches on the applications of textures in engineering industry are reviewed. The textured performances are considerably affected by their structural and distribution parameters, and the multi-parameter collaborative optimization design has gradually become the main method to solve above problems. With the continuous deepening investigations of textured loading capacity mechanisms and anti-wear mechanisms, the key technologies of textured optimization system and the textured application research in different fields, it is expected to form a textured theory and design system based on the idea of " mechanism-optimization-application" gradually.

Metallic corrosion has been a major challenge worldwide for a long time. In addition to significant economic losses, there are concomitant risks of security loss and environmental pollution. Coating can be an economic and effective method to retard the corrosion of metals. However, a simple passive anticorrosion coating is difficult to achieve a long-term and effective anticorrosion effect. Once the coating is damaged, it fails, and even a more serious local corrosion occurs. In recent years, an intelligent self-healing anticorrosion coating has been proposed based on micro- and nanocontainers that can release functional substances such as corrosion inhibitors according to environmental changes, independently repair the damaged parts of the coating, restore the protective ability of the coating, and prolong the service life of the metal matrix. The metal-organic framework material is a porous coordination polymer composed of metal ions and organic ligands, which has a large specific surface area, tunable structure and function, high porosity, high surface activity, etc. Recent studies have shown that metal-organic framework materials have high application potentials in the field of metal anticorrosion. The reviews on the related studies are still rather scarce. It is necessary to review the current research results of metal-organic framework materials in the field of anticorrosion coatings on metal surfaces. This paper systematically summarizes the related research results in this field. Based on the characteristics and anticorrosion mechanism of metal-organic framework materials, this paper summarizes the research progress of metal-organic framework materials for metal surface coating from two aspects. One of them is the application of metal-organic framework materials as functional fillers in anticorrosion coatings, including epoxy, acrylic, polyhexylactone, polyvinyl butyraldehyde, polyvinylidene fluoride, and sol-gel coating. The other is the use of the metal-organic framework as the main body of a film layer in a metal anticorrosion coating. Relevant research results show that the metal-organic framework material can largely enhance the protection of metals against corrosion, as functional fillers or conversion films in anticorrosion coatings. Metal-organic framework functional fillers improve the denseness and compatibility of the coating, as ideal containers to load active agents and achieve self-healing, corrosion self-reporting, and other functions. In addition, a metal-organic framework anticorrosion conversion film can be prepared directly on the metal surface to achieve a passive protection (physical barrier effect) and active protection (response to the release of corrosion inhibitors) of the coating. The application of metal-organic framework materials in anticorrosion coatings enhances the corrosion resistance performance and extends the service life of the metal substrate. Although the metal-organic framework film layer and metal-organic framework anticorrosion coating are constantly studied and improved, there are still some technical and controllability problems. First, even though the metal-organic framework conversion film and metal-organic framework anticorrosion coating exhibit ideal corrosion resistances, it is impossible to prepare a metal-organic framework material on a large scale due to the cost and process. Second, different metal-organic framework materials, different metal-organic framework concentrations, different metal substrates, and different process parameters affect the corrosion resistance performance of the metal-organic framework anticorrosion coating. In addition, there are still challenges in maintaining the long-term corrosion resistance of a metal-organic framework material. Therefore, this paper introduces the application of metal-organic framework materials in anticorrosion coatings, and outlines the future development trend. First, the advantages of the metal-organic framework structure and composition should be fully studied. To further improve the loading efficiency of inhibitors, it is necessary to design multiple-response and release-controllable metal-organic framework nanocontainers. Second, the use of novel methods such as machine learning facilitates the screening of proper metal ions and ligands, preparation of metal-organic framework materials with excellent inhibition performances, and investigation on the relevance between the inhibition properties and metal-organic framework structures. With the design of the coating combined with metal-organic framework nanocontainers, properties such as multieffect, long-term effect, and intelligent anticorrosion can be achieved. Third, based on the full application of existing technical methods (in-situ growth, electrospinning, electrochemical deposition, etc.), numerous new methods to prepare a dense metal-organic framework anticorrosion conversion film with a strong adhesion will emerge.

As one of the lightest metallic materials, Mg alloy has excellent properties including high specific stiffness and strength, and good shock absorption; thus, it is widely used in the aerospace, electronics, and automotive industries. However, the poor abrasion resistance and low hardness limit the long-term use of these alloys in industry. Laser cladding technology has been widely used in the surface treatment of Mg alloys due to its high energy density and rapid prototyping of complex structural parts, which significantly improves the surface hardness and abrasion resistance of Mg alloys, and has gained close attention from scholars at home and abroad. However, there is a lack of systematic review in this aspect, so this paper reviews the research status of laser cladding on Mg alloy surface considering the design principles and the design system of coating materials.To generate a defect-free coating with excellent performance, researchers generally follow the design principles of coating materials when selecting Mg alloy surface cladding materials: (1) Similar melting point; (2) Better wettability; (3) Similar thermal expansion coefficient. At present, the laser cladding material system for Mg alloy surfaces is divided into binary alloy coating, compound reinforced coating, amorphous alloy coating, high entropy alloy coating, functional gradient coating, and medical material coating. The binary alloy coatings mainly include Al-Si and Al-Cu. Because of the simple fabrication process of the cladding materials, the properties of the cladding layer are improved to a certain extent. However, due to less strengthening and limited degree of improvement, researchers also introduced some strengthening phases to obtain some composite strengthening coatings with better performance. Composite reinforced coatings include metal-ceramic composite coatings, metal-rare earth composite coatings, and metal-nanocomposite coatings. This kind of coating is based on metal elements, and different reinforcing phases are added to meet different needs. The amorphous alloy has unique advantages in corrosion resistance because of its special crystal structure; but also because of its own special crystal structure, the formation of amorphous alloy coating on the cladding process has extremely high requirements, so coating formation is uncertain. As a new design concept of alloy, high-entropy alloy has excellent properties. However, its compatibility with Mg alloy is poor, and few researchers have studied laser cladding high entropy alloy of Mg alloy. Thus, to solve the problems such as the large melting point difference, some scholars adopted functional gradient coating to achieve the metallurgical combination of coating and Mg alloy, reduce the stress between coating and Mg alloy, and reduce the generation of cracks and other defects. In addition to the industrial applications mentioned above, researchers also investigated the application of Mg alloys in the medical field as a biological implant material. Laser cladding technology, as a new surface modification technology, can significantly improve the surface properties of magnesium alloy. By controlling laser power, scanning speed, spot diameter, and powder mixing ratio, magnesium alloy has high hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. However, with the continuous expansion of the application range of Mg alloy materials, the requirements for Mg alloy are higher and higher; a single laser cladding technology cannot meet such needs. Regarding genome project “material”, we can subsequently combine ultrasonic vibration, electromagnetic stirring technology, high-frequency auxiliary technologies such as micro forging technology and plasma spraying technology, collaborative simulation calculation, and high flux materials to develop a new high-performance alloy laser cladding for Mg alloy matrix, speed up the time from manufacture to application of discovery, and accelerate the development process.

Laser cladding is considered to be an effective surface modification technique, in which high quality cladding layer is formed between the cladding material and the substrate by laser heating. Because of its low hardness and poor wear resistance, aluminum alloy can not meet the requirements of high surface properties, which limits its broader development. Laser cladding has a good research and application value on surface modification of aluminum alloy, which has been paid close attention by scholars at home and abroad. At present, the research on laser cladding technology of aluminum alloy is on the rise, but there is no systematic review. In order to further enhance the application of laser cladding in the field of aluminum alloy welding, the research status of the microstructure and properties of aluminum alloy laser cladding was summarized, and the future research direction of aluminum laser cladding was prospected.

With a wide potential application in many different fields, superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted much attention, while their surface structure can be easily damaged by environmental and mechanical effects and thereby causes superhydrophobic performance failure. To solve these practical problems, a robust superhydrophobic coating was fabricated with modified epoxy resin and oleophilic alumina NPs. Prepared by layered preparation method and air spraing method, the coating had a contact angle of 157.57° and a sliding angle of 2°. In terms of mechanical durability, the coating retained superhydrophobic properties after 30 times of sandpaper rubbing or 45 times tape peeling, exhibiting a better mechanical wear resistance than that of the commercial coatings (“Never-wet”). In terms of chemical durability, the coating still has good superhydrophobic property after being immersed in an acid or base solution for 100 min. It is concluded that superhydrophobic surfaces prepared by the materials system own good mechanical robustness.

Thermal spraying is an important method of coating preparation in the field of equipment surface engineering, which has achieved continuous development in the processing of functional coating and the remanufacturing of waste parts. It has also been used in the field of near net forming or material manufacturing related to metals, ceramics and other materials, which shows good development potential. This paper reviews the application of thermal spraying in the surface protection of aircraft engines and landing gears. It mainly uses plasma thermal spraying technology to make ceramic coating and new CBN coating to improve the antioxidative activity and prolong the life of the coating significantly. The development status and application of typical equipment were analyzed in the thermal spraying field, such as stealth equipment, anti-corrosion and anti-skid coatings of ship, protection from sand and dust in helicopter and direct additive manufacturing of parts. For example, the electromagnetic wave absorption coating of equipment overcomes the problem of multi-spectrum. “Navy Advanced Amorphous Coating” overcomes the anti-wear and anti-corrosion problems of the deck. The key problems affecting the development of thermal spraying are analyzed from the technical level. It is urgent to break through weak links such as coating residual stress, interface bonding strength and structural defects. Finally, some development directions were put forward about the additive manufacturing and remanufacturing field. This paper mainly summarizes the application status of thermal spraying technology in typical weapons and equipment. The key technical issues affecting the development of thermal spraying are analyzed, which fills the blank of military thermal spraying review.

MAX phase thin film materials are one of the hotspots of materials research. The preparation technology of MAX phase film is reviewed, the typical methods to promote MAX phase film formation at low temperature in the literature are introduced, and the influencing factors and growth mechanism of low temperature deposition MAX phase film are analyzed and discussed. It is pointed out that the main difficulties in the preparation of MAX phase film are lower the temperature and reduce the generation of impurity phases. Statistics and comparative analysis of the several main performance data of MAX phase film materials in the literature, including electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, hardness and modulus, point out that the corrosion resistance data of MAX phase film materials are not sufficient and systematic, even there is a certain inconsistency, and more research is needed on the behavior and mechanism of its corrosion resistance.

Plasma spraying technology has a unique advantage in solid oxide fuel cells for its possibility to develop the microstructure of ceramic coatings. The development on the microstructure of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings as functional layers in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is reviewed, focus on the thermal sprayed porous coating for the anode and cathode, and plasma sprayed dense ceramic coating for electrolyte, with or without post-treatment. The composition and crystalline structure control of plasma sprayed perovskite cathode materials are also reviewed. The advantage, limitation and prospective of thermal spray processes to deposit electrolyte is discussed. The design of high efficient electrodes with improved triple phase boundaries is introduced. Moreover, the integrated fabrication of SOFC by thermal spray is introduced to illustrate the potential of thermal spray processes for manufacturing SOFC with different configuration design.

Silicon polishing using colloidal silica with assistance of amine is a typical manufacturing process in micro electronics industry,which kinetic process is still unclear. The effect of different concentrations of ethylenediamine (EDA) on the polishing rate was studied. The results showed that the polishing rate of silicon increased gradually with the increase of EDA concentration, and by 74. 5% at 5%. In order to reveal the mechanism of the action, the ionization properties of EDA and Si in water were analyzed, the contact angle of the silicon surface in EDA alkaline solution and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Si soaked in EDA solution were tested, the dynamic reaction process was also simulated by the molecular dynamic simulation based on reaction force field. The results show that the surface of EDA and silicon wafer not only has strong Coulomb adsorption, but also Si and EDA form chemical bonds through Si-N atoms in EDA, which polarizes the nearby Si-Si and Si-O bonds. Based on these tests, the polishing dynamics of silicon in the alkaline polishing slurry containing EDA is explained. The mechanism could provide some technical guidance for the development of polishing slurry for silicon substrate processing.

High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is a new type of magnetron sputtering technology characterized by high peak power density and high metal ionization rate. Compared with conventional direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS), HiPIMS shows its unique advantages. The crystalline films are usually prepared by high temperature or post heat treatment, which is complicated and easy to cause energy loss. HiPIMS is successfully applied to the deposition of crystalline thin films due to the highly ionized pulsed plasma, which can reduce the preparation temperature, simplify the preparation process, expand the range of substrate materials, and improve the application space of thin films. However, there is a lack of systematic research about the preparation of crystalline films at a low temperature by HiPIMS. Therefore, it is urgent to summarize the previous research results to provide theoretical references for further research on the deposition of HiPIMS films at a low temperature. Based on the preparation of crystalline thin films at a low temperature, the HiPIMS deposition process and its structural properties of crystalline thin films represented by Al₂O₃, VO₂ and TiO₂ are introduced in detail. The low-temperature crystallization mechanism of thin films is discussed. The future development and application of HiPIMS are prospected.

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of Q235 steel, superhydrophobic TiO₂ / PDMS coating was prepared on Q235 steel to improve its corrosion resistance. The nano-TiO₂ was modified by surfactant to avoid the agglomeration problem caused by its small surface energy. After the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) transition layer was prepared on the surface of Q235 steel, the TiO₂ / PDMS superhydrophobic coating was prepared on the surface of Q235 steel by sol-gel method after mixing the modified TiO₂ with PDMS. Scanning electron microscope ( SEM), contact angle meter, infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used for characterization. Corrosion resistance was tested by electrochemical experiment and immersion test. The results indicate that: the surface of TiO₂ / PDMS coating has a unique micro / nano structure with the water contact angle of 154. 3°, which proves the coating with excellent superhydrophobic property was prepared. The electrochemistry results showed that compared to the bare Q235, the coating prepared has good corrosion resistance with a positive shifted corrosion potential(from -0. 77 mV to -0. 24 mV), a decline in the corrosion current density(from 5. 02×10^-6 A·cm^-2 to 3. 95×10^-8 A·cm^-2 , up to two orders of magnitude) and a increased alternating current impedance(three orders of magnitude). The base material protected by the coating is identified for a fine long-term corrosion resistance due to the no weight loss after the 7 days immersion in 3. 5wt. % NaCl solution. TiO₂ / PDMS superhydrophobic coating successfully prepared on Q235 steel surface by sol-gel method has superhydrophobic effect and good long-term corrosion resistance.

Porous liquid storage materials have attracted much attention because of their excellent self-lubricating properties. But the relationship between pore morphology parameters and product properties still remains an urgent problem to be solved in academia and industry. In order to solve this problem, the research development and problems faced by this kind of porous liquid storage materials are combed and analyzed from the aspects of bionic source, preparation methods and tribological characteristics. It is considered that how to extract the key bionic characteristic parameters is the key in the preparation of bionic articular cartilage friction pairs suitable for industrial application. Another thing is that porosity is often used to characterize the porous morphology structure in the analysis of service reliability and working condition adaptability at present. This results that the mapping relationship among pore structure parameters, such as pore size, distribution, penetration and so on, mechanical-physical properties and lubrication regime is still not very clear. Therefore, it remains challenge to realize the unity of mechanical physical properties and tribological properties by means of optimizing the pore morphology parameters of porous liquid storage materials. The rapid development of 3D print technology is expected to solve the problem that the pore shape parameters can not be accurately controlled in the current porous material forming process, and to provide an effective experimental means for the development of its self-lubricating theory.

Selective laser melting(SLM) is a prominent technology in modern industrial-component manufacturing, and it is widely used in automotive, aerospace, medical, and other fields. However, its shortcomings, such as limited stability and defects, hinder its potential industrial applications. Hence, a systematic review of in-process monitoring techniques and closed-loop control methods for SLM is crucial. The SLM system should be equipped with in-situ monitoring devices that can measure relevant quantities during the machining process. Furthermore, automated detection and localization of defects should be examined via in-process data analytics and statistical monitoring techniques. The SLM process involves rapid melting and solidification of the material, creating molten pool flows that can form defects such as porosities, incomplete fusion holes, and cracks. Monitoring techniques can effectively address these challenges by observing the melt-pool status and defects over time. Moreover, monitoring and sensing processes are widely employed in various industries for quality assurance, which can enhance machine uptime and reliability. Process monitoring is increasingly being adopted in SLM through the use of process sensors that record a broad range of optical, acoustic, and thermal signals. Consequently, the capability to acquire these signals holistically, combined with intelligence-based machine control, has the potential to enable SLM technology to replace traditional fabrication techniques. This review examines the research status of SLM technology principles and characteristics of the SLM process. Furthermore, the development process and limitations of monitoring technology for SLM are reviewed based on the melt pool temperature and morphology in the machining process, and the research status of closed-loop feedback is analyzed. The review suggests that the changing state of the molten pool is a crucial factor affecting the quality of the formed part in the SLM process. The molten pool state can be effectively monitored using optical signals, acoustic signals, or multisignal sensors. Meanwhile, closed-loop control requires algorithm analysis, machine learning, and sensor coordination to realize real-time feedback and control. To enable real-time feedback and reduce feedback transmission time, a comprehensive real-time feedback system can be established by integrating multiple sensors that can accurately monitor the interior of the molten pool. Currently, there are challenges with the poor real-time performance of existing monitoring technologies and imperfect system feedback control. The research status and future development directions of intelligent monitoring techniques and real-time closed-loop control are proposed. As monitoring technology continues to develop, machine learning can be leveraged to extract new features from input data distributions (such as images and videos), laying the foundation for future intelligent SLM process monitoring. To enhance the intelligence and automation level of the forming system, real-time monitoring and processing technology should be combined with SLM technology to minimize feedback and response times. This is vital for reducing resource waste in secondary processing and remanufacturing. Notably, ultrasonic monitoring has significant potential in monitoring systems that can dynamically analyze internal changes during the forming process and predict part quality. This study addresses a gap in the field of SLM monitoring techniques and offers a reference for producing high-quality parts using SLM technology in the future.

Metallic implants have been widely used in the treatment of a variety of hard tissue-related diseases. However, the currently used metallic implants lack strong osteointegration and antimicrobial ability,which often leads to the implant failure. Surface modification can not only maintain the excellent bulk properties of the metal material, but also improve their surface properties. At present, surface modification has been widely used to improve the osseointegration and endow the implant with promising antibacterial functions. Among many surface modification technologies, plasma spraying has been applied commercially in surface modification of artificial joints and dental implants due to its technical maturity, high quality controllability, applicability to a wide range of raw materials and ability of continuous production, etc. In this review, the advantages of plasma spraying technology and its recent research progress in surface modification of metallic implants were introduced from aspects of improving osteogenic activity, providing antibacterial functions and enhancing bone immunomodulation ability of the implant, and the advantages of plasma spraying technology in optimizing surface chemical properties of orthopedic implants were described. The advantages and potential application of plasma spraying technology in the fabrication and modulation of surface nanostructures of the coating were discussed, which could provide new reference for the surface design of biomedical implants. In addition, combined with our work related to plasma spray related to biomedical coatings, some perspectives about new possible application of plasma spraying technology in enhancing the performance of bone implants were proposed.

To evaluate the abradability of gas seal coating materials under extreme conditions, a high-temperature and high-speed abradable tester was developed, which can be used to simulate the high-speed rubbing behavior between seal coatings and rotating components in aero-engines. The simulated disk and blade were able to run stably at high speed connected with a shaft driven by an AC motor with high power and a gear increaser. The feeding movement of the coating sample in radial and axial directions was completed by a XY feeding platform with high precision to simulate the rubbing interaction with the high-speed rotating blade. The coating sample was heated by a supersonic flame to simulate the high temperature environment. Rubbing forces, impact acceleration and friction heat were measured using the multicomponent dynamometer, acceleration sensor and infrared thermometer and the data was collected and analyzed through a high-speed data acquisition system. Test results show that abrasion tests can be conducted stably using this tester with reliable results when the blade tip velocity varied from 20 to 450 m/s, incursion rate from 2 to 2 000 μm/s, and heating temperature from RT to 1 200 ℃.

The brush-like water-soluble biomolecules on the surface of articular cartilage endow human joints with excellent lubrication. Inspired by nature, surface-grafted biomimetic polymer brushes have been extensively studied and have become an effective means to improve the lubrication properties of material surfaces and interfaces. This paper reviews on the research progress of biomimetic polymer brushes for improving lubrication performance. Firstly, two surface-modification methods of grafting biomimetic polymer brushes, namely, physisorption and chemical bonding, are introduced. Their advantages and disadvantages in improving lubrication properties of surfaces and interfaces are discussed. Then, the structures of three types of biomimetic polymer brushes with different charges (neutral polymer brushes, polyanionic / polycationic brushes and polyzwitterionic brushes) and their regulation of lubrication properties are discussed. The underlying lubrication mechanisms at the friction interfaces are highlighted. The recent research progress in constructing surfaces and interfaces with high lubrication properties is summarized. Finally, the future directions of biomimetic polymer brushes in the field of bio-interface lubrication are prospected.

Alloys prepared in a magnetic field environment have excellent comprehensive properties and are widely used in industrial production, transportation, aerospace, and other fields. The hardness, wear resistance, and other service properties of the alloy vary with the magnetic field parameters. Therefore, summarizing the mechanisms of different magnetic fields in the metal solidification process is of great significance for developing auxiliary metal technology. This paper summarizes the studies and exploration of metal surface processing by many researchers in different magnetic field environments. In addition, this study explores the rules of nucleation and growth of metal materials under the assistance of magnetic fields. According to the aspects of the microscopic morphology of the grains and the macroscopic properties of the alloy, the changes in heat and mass transmission, crystal boundary shape variation, increase in nucleation rate, and grain size refinement are analyzed, and the effects of the steady, pulsed, and alternating magnetic fields on metal solidification are revealed. The various influences of different magnetic fields are discussed in this paper, such as magnetic induction, intensity produced by the magnetic field, and charged particles within the melt by the Lorentz force. In the process of metal solidification assisted by a steady magnetic field, both the thermoelectric force generated by the thermoelectric current and magnetic field and the electromagnetic brake force generated by the natural flow of the melt jointly affects the dendrite growth and internal flow of the melt, which is essentially the Lorentz force under the action of a magnetic field. Furthermore, the magnetic induction intensity is the most crucial factor affecting the electromagnetic brake and thermoelectric forces. The combined effect on the melt first increases and then decreases with increasing magnetic induction intensity. Pulsed magnetic fields are essential in improving the magnetism, corrosion resistance, and electrochemical performance of molten metals through wall ionization, electromagnetic oscillation, and the Joule thermal effect. The various effects of the magnetic field are concentrated in the internal flow enhancement and temperature gradient reduction of the molten pool. Electromagnetic stirring and forced convection promote dendrite breaking and grain refinement under an alternating magnetic field. Furthermore, the phase distribution is more uniform and inhibits compositional segregation. The application of metal solidification in a magnetic field environment focuses on emerging surface processing technologies such as deposition and cladding from traditional alloy manufacturing processes such as casting and welding. The exploration of new processes in a magnetic field environment, such as magnetic-field-assisted coating solidification, is also the future development direction of this field. The research method has changed from a simple performance enhancement effect test to a theoretical model calculation. In conclusion, grain refinement and alloy performance improvement are comprehensive embodiments of heat and mass transmission and the magnetic force in the molten pool under the action of a magnetic field. The mechanism of action of the metal solidification process under different magnetic fields gradually tends to be consistent. Refining and quantifying the various effects of different magnetic fields on the alloy solidification structure, unifying grain change processes and mechanisms, and other studies still require scholars' unremitting efforts. A comprehensive study and comparison of the steady, pulsed, and alternating magnetic fields on metal solidification characteristics and mechanisms are summarized, which helps unify the debate on the metal solidification mechanism in a magnetic field environment, fills in the gaps in metal surface processing technology in a magnetic field environment, and has reference significance for promoting research on high-performance metal surface preparation.

The magnetic field was introduced into the direct current electrochemical corrosion of aluminum foil based on HCl-H₂SO₄ system. The effect of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on the electrochemical behavior, interface behavior and mass transfer of aluminum foil were studied. The etched foil samples were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption and SEM. Meanwhile, the MHD effect on the electrochemical properties of aluminum foil was studied by means of chronopotentiometry, polarization curve, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectra. The result show that the MHD effect can inhibit the growth of aluminum oxide film, and strengthen the inward/outward migration of Cl^- and Al³⁺ within tunnels by thinning the thickness of the diffusion layer and decreasing the mass transfer resistance of ions in electrolyte. Moreover, with the help of magnetic field, the uniformity of etching hole density, average pore diameter and average hole depth are obviously improved, further improving of the specific capacitance of anodic aluminum foil.

Biomimetic microtexture was constructed on aluminum alloy substrate by laser irradiation. Subsequently, perfluoro- decyltrichlorosilane were deposited on these surfaces by nanocoating technology through a self-assembly route to form special wet- tability aluminum alloy surface. Scanning electron microscope, surface profiler and contact angle measurement were used to ana- lyse the surface properties, and wettability of specimens. The results indicate that biomimetic microtexture and SAMs play an im- portant role in preparing superhydrophobic surface. Contact angle of the water droplet on the substrates is affected by type of mi- crotexture in morphology and matrix pitch spacing. The calculation of the mathematical models further confirms that, the values of contact angle measurement are in accord with the Cassie model’s prediction

Although transmission towers have been in use outdoors for a long time, they are easily damaged by corrosion, especially in areas with heavy industrial pollution. Additionally, traditional coating treatments cannot simultaneously remove rust and prevent corrosion. However, the use of a phosphating film can inhibit the formation of microbatteries on the steel surface, improve the corrosion resistance of steel, extend the service life, and significantly improve the adhesion between the substrate and coating. Nonetheless, most traditional phosphating methods employ high- or medium-temperature phosphating, which consumes a lot of fossil energy and promotes environmental pollution. To ensure safety during power transmission and distribution, it is crucial to develop a fast and green phosphating process suitable for the high-altitude operations on transmission towers. Based on electrochemical and response surface analyses, a phosphating coating was prepared on Q235 low-carbon steel using a mixture of phosphoric acid and zinc oxide as the basic phosphating solution. The effect of the concentration of phytic acid, composite passivation agent BM₁, and manganese nitrate on the quality of zinc-based phosphating films was then studied, and the corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated based on the time of copper sulfate test. The fixed phosphating process conditions were as follows: the pH value of the phosphating solution was 2.3-3.0, phosphating temperature was 25 ℃, and phosphating time was 40 min. The corrosion resistance of the phosphating film was analyzed using an electrochemical polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the results showed that the phosphating film had a better corrosion resistance when an accelerant was added to the phosphating solution. Moreover, the current density was less than half of that of the pure phosphating solution, and the maximum coating resistance was 2 561 ?·cm2 , which was approximately 4 times higher than that of the pure phosphating solution. With an increase in the accelerator concentration, the corrosion resistance of the phosphating film first increased before decreasing. The surface morphology of the phosphating film formed by phosphating solutions with diffrenet accelerant was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results showded that the basic phosphating solution contained many pores and had a large phosphating grain size whose distribution was uneven. After adding manganese nitrate, the phosphate grains on the surface of the phosphating film became arranged more densely and uniformly, covering all surfaces. Response surface analysis was used to optimize film-forming and improve the corrosion resistance of the phosphating solution, and a quadratic response equation for the time of copper sulfate test was obtained. The order of the effect was follows: zinc nitrate ＞ composite passivator (BM₁) ＞ phytic acid ＞ manganese nitrate. Through optimization, the phosphating solution formula under a time of copper sulfate test of 101s was obtained, that is, zinc oxide = 15 g / L, phosphoric acid = 100 g / L, composite passivator BM₁ = 1.7 g / L, phytic acid = 11.7 mL / L, zinc nitrate = 52.4 g / L, manganese nitrate = 5.9 g / L, and an appropriate amount of OP-10 emulsifier. Therefore, the proposed phosphating solution obtained through response surface optimization employs low-temperature phosphating, does not contain the hexavalent chromium that is harmful to the environment, and uses an efficient green accelerator to accelerate phosphating,which can support rust remove while effectively improving the corrosion resistance of Q235 low-carbon steel; thereby providing technical support for the green and rapid of transmission towers.

Aiming at the application of super-amphiphobic coatings in interior and external functional domestic decoration, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid super-amphiphobic spray was synthesized by sol-gel method, modified by 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl trimethoxysilane. When the molar ratio of PFTMS and TEOS was 0.3, all the coated substrates exhibited excellent amphiphobicity on the glass, ceramic, stone and cement broad. The maximum water contact angle was 157.4°, and the maximum oil contact angle was 142.6°. The surface adhesion was level 1. After 1 600 times washing experiment, the surface maintained excellent super-amphiphobic properties. The XPS results show that the fluorinated functional group on the modified SiO₂ sol and glass surface coating is 69.53% and 33.75%, respectively. Moreover, average roughness of the surface is 937 nm. The super-amphiphobicity is governed by both the fluorinated functional group and the geometrical microstructure of the surface.

In order to improve the tribological properties of friction pair, lubricant additives, low-friction surfaces and surface micro-textures have aroused great attention by worldwide scientists as means to improve surface tribological properties and have already achieved certain results. However, surface micro-textures combined with solid lubricants has begun to be studied as a composite technology because of the integration of existing anti-friction measures. The physical and chemical methods for the composite of surface micro-textures and solid lubricants were reviewed. The effects of geometrical shape, parameters of surface micro-texture and types of solid lubricants on the tribological properties of composite surface were reviewed. The anti-friction mechanism of the composite technology was analyzed. Finally, the unsolved problems of composite technology were pointed out, and the development direction and practical application of this technology in the future were proposed.

Rubber is widely used as an essential sealing material in aerospace, petrochemical industry, automotive industry and other fields due to its good compressibility and resilience, airtightness, solvent resistance and so on. However, it is easy to wear out due to its high friction coefficient (≥1) in actual service, which leads to leakage of sealing medium, and seriously affects the safety and serv- ice life of the equipment. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) based films are considered to be the most promising wear-resistant coatings for rubber due to their high hardness, chemical inertness and low friction and wear. The flexibility and deposition temperature of DLC film can be controlled by adjusting the deposition parameters, sufficient flexibility of the film is required to adapt large deformations of rub- ber substrates without falling off, while the low deposition temperature can avoid degradation or damage to the rubber substrate. The chemical composition of DLC film (mainly composed by C and H) exhibits a good compatibility with rubber materials, which can en- sure its good adhesion. The important results and the latest research progress on the wear resistance of carbon-based film on rubber in the past two decades were summarized, and the unsolved problems in the current research and the future research trends were pointed out.

In order to explore the effects of chromium on the microstructure and properties of highentropy alloy coatings, the FeCoCrxNiB highentropy alloy coatings were prepared on 45 steel substrate by laser cladding. The effects of chromium addition on microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the FeCoCrxNiB highentropy alloy coatings were investigated with Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness and wear testers. The results show that the microstructure of the ascladding alloys is composed of proeutectic M2B phase, and eutectic of facecentered cubic (FCC) phase and M2B phase. With the increase of the chromium, volume fraction of eutectic increases, while that of the M2B phase decreases, the morphology of proeutectic boride first changes from irregular granula to dendrite, which finally becomes strip shape, and the cellular pattern of eutectic develops into lamellar correspondingly. The average hardness of the coating decreases with the increasing of the Cr addition, and the FeCoCr0.5NiB alloy possesses high average hardness, up to 860 HV0.2. The wear resistance of coatings is proportional to their hardness, suggestings that among all coatings the FeCoCr0.5NiB coating exhibits excellent antiwear capability, and the FeCoCr3NiB coating shows the lowest wear resistance.

In order to obtain copper coating of 1. 3 GHz power coupler, the effects of current density and deposition time on the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) of copper coating were investigated. Copper films were electrodeposited with current densities of 1, 1. 5 and 2 A/ dm² , respectively, and deposition times varied from 1 to 6 h. The changes of the RRR value, microstructure, surface roughness and texture of copper films with coating thickness were discussed. The results show that the RRR value of copper films and the surface roughness increase with the decrease of current density and the increase of deposition time. Moreover, an increasing of the texture coefficient of ( 111 ) crystal plane and larger nodule of copper films tend to increase the RRR value of copper films, which electrodeposited at the current densities of 1 and 1. 5 A/ dm² . The RRR value of the copper films deposited at the current density of 2 A/ dm² decreases significantly due to the existence of holes defects of the copper films. The copper plating process with current density of 1 A/ dm² and deposition of 4 h was applied to the 1. 3 GHz power coupler of hard X-ray free electron laser device. The RRR value of copper films, the adhesion between copper film and substrate, high and low temperature adaptability and microwave power meet the engineering application.