This paper introduces the main revision contents of GB/T 2100—2017 standard, the brand, chemical composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment, welding repair, test methods and acceptance rules of general corrosion resistant steel castings, and the characteristics, typical application cases of the standard.The standard covers 27 kinds of stainless steel castings in three categories: martensite, austenite and duplex（austenite-ferrite）, which can meet the requirements of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of castings in various corrosive working conditions. When selecting materials, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of stainless steel and the service environment, and comprehensively consider the material cost, manufacturing cost and process difficulty degree, so as to optimize the brand of corrosion resistant steel castings with high price-performance ratio, which improve the safety and reliability of equipment.

Based on the casting forming of large complex thin-walled JG4247 alloy turbine rear casing, the shrinkage porosity and hot tearing tendency of the casing were comparatively simulated and analyzed by ProCAST software under different casting systems conditions. The results showed that compared with the top gating system, the riser and sprue realized the feeding of the multiple variable cross-section hot spots of the casing during the solidification process simultaneously by using the bottom gating system, which was a suitable casting system design for the turbine rear casing. Although the hot tearing tendency of the bottom gating system casing was slightly greater than that of the top gating system. While the further research revealed that the hot tearing tendency of the casing decreased with the reducing of pouring temperature or the increase of shell temperature under the condition of the bottom gating system, the latter factor played an important role in the system. Therefore, the hot tearing tendency of the casting with the condition of the bottom gating system could be reduced by increasing the shell temperature under the bottom gating system, and finally the high metallurgical quality JG4247 alloy turbine rear casing casting without crack and macro shrinkage inside could be obtained. The simulation results were consistent well with the actual casting results of the casing.

The traditional catalytic alloy materials are mostly precious metals, while the high-entropy alloy catalytic materials reported in recent years are mostly cheap metal materials, and some of them have better catalytic properties than the traditional precious metals. This paper will systematically review the five aspects of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）, electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction（OER）, ammonia decomposition reaction（NH₃）, electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction（ORR）, electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction（CORR） and electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction（CO₂RR）. Finally, the catalytic properties of the high-entropy alloys are summarized and the future research directions are prospected.

Tungsten-based alloys are the second largest category of tungsten-based products after cemented carbide, and their unique physical and mechanical properties make them useful in the defense industry and various areas of the national economy, but as future manufacturing industries require increasingly precise parts and more complex component designs, these requirements are difficult to achieve using traditional powder metallurgy method. Additive manufacturing（AM） offers unique geometric design freedom and rapid prototyping capabilities. This paper introduces the research progress of additive manufacturing tungsten-based alloys at home and abroad, and analyzes and outlooks the main problems and research trends facing the research.

Integrative design and integrated manufacturing of major equipment’s’ large critical structure such as aeronautics, astronautics and weapons provide guarantees of lightweight manufacturing and service performance. As a transformative technology can achieve innovative structure, additive manufacturing has received extensive attention and being applied, nevertheless, additive manufacturing of lightweight and high-strength metals such as high strength aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy faces many challenges. Additive friction stir deposition provides a new thought and method for such kind metals, since its process involves strong plasticity and non-melting, which further facilitates the progress of solid-state additive manufacturing and equipment. Dominant advantages of additive friction stir deposition have aroused worldwide attention and investigation; However, this technology’s basic theory and deposited materials’ microstructure evolution and performance need to be clarified. Research progress in additive friction stir deposition was systematically summarized, domestic and foreign research achievements such as heat production mechanism, material flow behavior, design of printing tool, processing parameters, microstructure evolution and performance of additive friction stir deposition were comprehensively reviewed. Finally, future opportunities and development trends of additive friction stir deposition were pointed out.

In the transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, a human-centered approach has gradually emerged as a focal point in the field of smart manufacturing. Current human-machine collaboration not only emphasizes technological advancements and efficiency improvements but also stresses the integration of human higher-order cognitive thinking with machine computational capabilities to achieve cognitive empowerment. Based on this premise, this study reviews existing research on cognitive empowerment in human-machine collaboration, focusing on key areas such as interactive perception, task planning and execution, and skill learning. The challenges of multimodal information integration, task reasoning, dynamic decision-making, and skill knowledge representation are highlighted. Furthermore, methods are proposed to support human-machine cognitive using knowledge graph construction technologies, as well as to optimize tasks and facilitate dynamic decision-making in complex environments through the application of knowledge graph reasoning techniques. Building upon an analysis of the limitations in current research on cognitive empowerment in human-machine collaboration, this study also forecasts the future directions for deep cognitive collaboration within intelligent manufacturing environments.

As a micro-electromechanical system with a size of centimeters or below, micro-bionic robots have the characteristics of small size, light weight and excellent portability. They are widely used in complex environments such as environmental detection, target search, reconnaissance and strike. In order to enable researchers to understand the research progress of micro-bionic robots, a summary and analysis of relevant literature in the past 15 years are conducted based on the world’s largest abstract and citation database Scopus, providing a visual depiction of the development trends in the field of micro-bionic robots. The general characteristics and research status of micro-bionic robots are summarized from the three key points of the bionic movement form, manufacturing technology and driving technology of micro-bionic robots, supplemented by the introduction of the special research direction of bio-electromechanical hybrid micro robots. The technical bottleneck of the development of micro-bionic robots is fully analyzed, and the development idea of energy-driving-sense-control full flexible integration is put forward, which promotes the innovative development of integrated manufacturing technology. Based on the military and anti-terrorism and riot control application background, the characteristics and advantages of micro-bionic robots are fully analyzed, and the combat application conception with micro-bionic robots as the core is carried out. In addition, the application of micro-bionic robots in civil life is discussed. Finally, the shortcomings and future development of the existing micro-bionic robots are discussed and summarized, which provides a valuable reference for the development of the micro-bionic robots technology and its military application prospect.

The technology of humanoid robots is currently evolving rapidly, becoming a new focal point for global technological innovation and industrial upgrading. As an important representative of embodied intelligence, humanoid robots possess vast development potential and application prospects. Based on the multidisciplinary intersections, complex systems, and high levels of integration inherent in humanoid robot technology, this review synthesizes the latest research achievements and industry developments in this field, focusing on the current technological status and development trends of humanoid robots. First, the definition and developmental history of humanoid robots are introduced, describing the current status of development in both foreign and domestic contexts from the perspectives of technological level, industrial landscape, and policy support. A comparison and summary of the typical technological development characteristics and product features between domestic and international advancements are provided. Key core technologies are analyzed in detail, including critical components, environmental perception and scene understanding, gait control and dexterous manipulation, embodied intelligence and large models, human-robot collaboration and interaction, as well as operating systems and toolchains. The implementation pathways and current research progress of these technologies are discussed. Furthermore, typical applications of humanoid robots in specialized service environments, intelligent manufacturing, and household and social services are presented, exploring their expansion potential in emerging application areas. The main challenges faced by humanoid robot development are analyzed, focusing on technological bottlenecks and application difficulties. Finally, based on the development status of technologies and applications, an outlook on the trends in embodied intelligence represented by humanoid robots is provided, particularly in areas such as multimodal vertical large models, high-performance simulation training platforms, and safety and ethics. This review aims to summarize and grasp the dynamics of cutting-edge technological developments in humanoid robots domestically and internationally, while offering insights and references for those engaged in the research and development of humanoid robot technologies and products, thus contributing to the advancement and industrialization of humanoid robot technology in China.

Urgent thermal protection needs exist for the new generation of aerospace equipment, and there is an urgent need to develop ultra-high temperature ceramics with excellent thermodynamic, oxidation, and ablation resistance properties. Among them, the carbide ultra-high temperature ceramic system, which has the most outstanding thermal properties, has shortcomings in mechanics and oxidation resistance. Starting from the structure and properties of carbide ultra-high temperature ceramics, this review summarizes the enhancement effects of strengthening-toughening designs, including toughening phase introduction and microstructural bionization, on the mechanical properties. The entropy-enhancing research to modulate its structure and properties is introduced, covering cationic solid solution, anionic modification, and high-entropy design. The main construction methods of carbide ultra-high temperature ceramic thermal protective coatings are sorted out, and the oxidation and ablation resistance properties and mechanisms of the resulting coatings are summarized. Finally, the main development directions of carbide ultra-high temperature ceramics are outlined in terms of material computational design, synergistic enhancement by strengthening-toughening and entropy-enhancing, ablation property and mechanism, and preparation of large-size components and coatings.

The dexterous multi-fingered robotic hand， serving as a key end-effector， is pivotal for enabling robots to perform fine-grained grasping and compliant manipulation. Its advancement holds significant importance for promoting automation in manufacturing， enhancing the intelligence of service robots， and expanding applications in specialized environments. Focusing on humanoid multi-fingered dexterous hand technologies， this paper systematically reviews the current state-of-the-art and future trends. It begins by elucidating the fundamental concepts， system architecture， and typical characteristics of dexterous hands. This is followed by a comprehensive of research achievements from domestic and international teams and commercially available mainstream multi-fingered dexterous hand products， covering various degrees-of-freedom designs and their respective hardware and software implementations. Key technologies， including core hardware components， multi-modal sensory fusion， and control strategies， are critically analyzed. The paper subsequently summarizes practical applications across domains such as industrial assembly， daily life assistance， and operations in extreme environments. Current challenges， particularly in reliability， multi-modal coordination， generalization capability， human-robot safety， and integration and application， are identified. Finally， future research directions are prospected from multiple perspectives， including standard establishment， novel mechanical structures， advanced multi-modal perception and fusion， bionic evolution， and embodied intelligence， aiming to provide valuable insights for in-depth research and groundbreaking applications of dexterous hands.

In modern industry, plasma spraying technology has become an important method to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of mechanical parts. As a spraying material, the nano-powder can effectively improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and other aspects of plasma spraying coating, which has research value in the application of surface protection of parts and components. It is of great significance for the energy conservation and environmental protection, and has become a research hot spot in the field of surface modification at home and abroad. Based on this, on the basis of a large number of literature, the preparation method of nano powder from three aspects as solid phase method, liquid phase method and gas phase method is introduced, research on the regranulation technology of nano-powder at home and abroad is summarized, the preparation methods of nano-powder feed, including spray drying, mechanical grinding and liquid phase precursor synthesis are described, and the preparation method of liquid phase precursor synthesis method is focused on. From the selection of nano-powder for plasma spraying to the preparation of coating, the application results of nano-coating in wear resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal barrier and self-lubrication are reviewed in detail, furthermore, the influence of plasma spraying parameters (spraying power, spraying distance, moving speed of spray gun, spraying gas parameters) on quality of the nano-coating is inductively analyzed. Finally, the problems and shortcomings in the preparation of plasma sprayed nano-powder feed are discussed, and the future research direction of plasma sprayed nano-coating is prospected.

Compared with the traditional metal plastic forming methods,ultrasonic vibration assisted technology based on Blaha effect can reduce the forming load effectively and improve the formability and surface quality of materials. After more than half a century of the development,ultrasonic vibration assisted technology has become an advanced metal plastic forming method with broad prospects,especially provides a feasible way for the plastic process of high-performance difficult-to-deform alloys. The research progress of ultrasonic vibration assisted acoustic effect mechanism including acoustic softening effect and acoustic residual hardening effect was introduced,and the constitutive model building and numerical simulation research results based on acoustic effect mechanism were presented,and the application status of ultrasonic vibration assisted drawing,punching,extruding and cutting was reviewed. The main deficiencies in the mechanism analysis and application study of ultrasonic vibration assisted forming at present were expounded,the research emphases and development trends of related problems were discussed and prospected.