How to transform from a big nation in manufacturing  to  a  powerful one is a great subject of China's  economic development in the new era.This paper discussed  the guiding ideology,strategic deployment,basic policy and strategic measure of “made in China 2025” based on detailed analyses of current manufacturing situations  of China,and indicated  that “Internet+advanced manufacturing+modern service industry” will become a new engine of China's economic development.It  is pointed  out that digitization,networking and  intellectualization of manufacturing industries  are the core technologies of  a new round industrial revolution, and should be used as commanding point,breakthrough and main direction of  “made in China 2025”.An overall thorough interpretation of above points was put forward.

The up-to-date progress in the additive manufacturing technology has been fully reviewed in this article, and the associated opportunity & challenges were also discussed. It has been proposed that the future directions of the additive manufacturing technology should be focused on the nonequilibrium solidification of the metal printing, the novel theory development of manufacturing under extreme conditions, additive manufacturing of materials & structure in-gradient, the regeneration and functionalization of the engineered scaffolds, theory of life science etc. Constructive ideas should be encouraged, to be led by technical progress, to be driven by technological innovation, and to be targeted by the industrial development, aiming to provide the solid foundation for the innovative national construction.

This paper formulated several main types of vertical axis wind turbine and their characteristics, operation principles and applications were discussed. The improvement on performance in improving wind power coefficient and the latest development of the main key part were presented. The viewpoints are that vertical axis wind turbine will be the development tendency of wind power. Finally, the conclusion gives a simple view of problems that need further study on the basis of the shortage of the vertical axis wind turbine.

The failure modes and research progresses of reliability for wind turbines at home and broad were analyzed. The failure modes, failure reasons and detection methods of key components in the wind turbines were summarized. Also, the frequently used methods of reliability analysis and research status of wind turbine reliability were analyzed. Then research focuses, research methods and measures to improve wind turbine reliability were presented. Combining with the engineering requirements and research status, the development tendency of wind turbine reliability was analyzed and the flowchart to investigate the smart health management technology of wind turbines was proposed. It is of great significance to reduce the costs of operations and maintenances and to improve the safety of wind turbines.

The connotation and features of the intelligent manufacturing were analyzed based on reviewing the development and challenges to the manufacturing technology. A new understanding to the intelligent manufacturing at the era of industry 4.0 was proposed, followed by a suggested overall architecture of the intelligent manufacturing theory. The architecture included 8 modules such as theoretical fundamentals, technological fundamentals, supporting technologies, enabling technologies, kernel and themes, development paradigms, technological road-map and objective, etc. The concrete contents were set forth to the several issues of the modules above respectively, with the fundamental rules and technological phases to promote and practice the intelligent manufacturing. Finally, the future factory and manufacturing were discussed prospectively.

In order to meet the requirements of health monitoring in the operation of MR dampers and damping force of MR damper controller for cars, a force transducer was proposed based on piezoresistive principles, which might measure dynamic reciprocating damping forces of MR dampers. According to the operating characteristics of the MR dampers for automobiles and the design principles of piezoresistive pressure sensor, the structure of the damper force sensor was designed. Aiming at reaching design range, acquiring high sensitivity and high natural frequency, the size of the sensor chip was determined by the combined method of theory calculation and finite element simulation. The fabrication materials and the measuring circuit were determined through analytic demonstration. The relationship among the coefficients of pressure resistance and crystal orientation, the arrangement direction, the position, the size and the bending number of the resistance were studied before finishing the sensor layout design.

An overview of the development of reliability engineering was provide, and the recent developments of reliability test and problems with reliability test of mechanical products were summarized. The developments of methods on how to conduct statistical analysis and design test plan of accelerated life test and accelerated degradation test were reviewed, and also the developments of high accelerated life test and high accelerated stress screening test were reviewed. The development prospect of reliability test technology of mechanical products was presented and the guidelines were provided to promote the engineering applications of reliability test theory and methods.

The  aviation  hydraulic fitting is one of the most important components which directly affects  the safety and reliability of aircrafts.A comprehensive overview was intended to introduce the general features of the aviation hydraulic fittings.The performance of three main types of aviation hydraulic fittings was demonstrated, including permanent fittings,separable fittings and boss fittings.The structure,principles,applications,design standards and suppliers of each type were illustrated.The characteristics of each main type fitting such as pressure resistance,pull-off  strength,weight  and  installation,were  analyzed and compared.The recommended selections of aviation hydraulic fittings for different pressure levels were summarized.Finally,the developing prospect of aviation hydraulic fittings was given, and the large distance in the aviation hydraulic fittings between China and the international advanced level was pointed out.

This paper presented a  mixed integer programming model for APS problem in a supply chain.The proposed APS model considered explicitly capacity constraints,operation sequences,alternative machines and due dates in a multi-enterprise environment.The objective of the model was to minimize the earliness/tardiness penalty for all orders.Numerical results show that the suggested APS model can produce optimal schedules favorably.

There was a way to detect the positions of linear motors by detecting the magnetic field informations of linear motor movers. The principle of double Hall sensor position detection was introduced, and the cause of the installation errors was analyzed herein. In order to achieve the Hall sensor position detection error compensation, a method of using a 3D Hall sensor was proposed instead of a linear Hall sensor. In order to reduce external interferences, a fuzzy-neural off-line modeling method was proposed. Finally, the correctness of the compensation method was verified through the simulations and experiments.

The pace of large wind turbine units was accelerating, and the reliability of core components was increasingly important for wind turbine operations. Sliding bearings had the advantages of high load capacity, long life, easy maintenance, scalability and small size, and they had advantages and great potential for the reliable replacement of wind turbine main bearings key components produced at home. The problems of main shaft rolling bearings in high-power wind turbines and the advantages of using sliding bearings on the main shaft were analyzed herein. The technical methods and application status of wind turbine main shaft sliding bearing design, materials, lubrication, and experimental verification were present in detail, and the existing problems of high-power wind turbine main shaft sliding bearings and future development trends were summarized. It is expected to provide reference for the digital design and industrial development of high-power wind turbine main bearings.

The development of productivity and the innovation of engineering technology required mechanisms to have the multi-function of self-reorganization and reconfiguration to meet the needs of complex working conditions. Reconfigurable mechanisms had variable mobility and varying configurations to meet the requirements of multiple tasks, multiple working conditions and multiple functions. However, the research history of mechanism evolution and furcation principle, which determined the design method, was still not fully understood by scholars. Herein, from the point of view of the evolution and furcation principle of metamorphic mechanisms, based on screw theory, Lie group, Lie algebra and differential manifold, the mechanism evolution and the interrelationship between the mechanism motions and the constraint spaces were revealed. Then, the furcation principle and the controllable singularity configuration in the evolution of the mechanism were explored. Moreover, the historical relationship between metamorphic mechanisms, origami mechanisms and deployable mechanisms was discussed, and the configuration design, performance synthesis, new design concept of metamorphic mechanisms and their innovative application were reviewed.

To solve the problem that it was difficult to obtain a large number of high-quality rolling bearing fault data in the actual industrial environment， and the generalization performance of the intelligent diagnosis model was poor， a fault diagnosis method was proposed based on simulation data driven and domain adaptation. Firstly， a physical model was established to obtain rich simulation data， which simulated different failure forms of bearings according to bearing parameters and corresponding operating conditions. Secondly， the transfer learning method was used to solve the problem of inconsistent data feature distributions between simulation and actual fault data. The residual channel attention mechanism network was used to extract the transfer fault features of different domains， and the adaptive operation of different domains in the network training processes was carried out through the condition maximum mean discrepancy metric criterion， which taken into account the conditional distribution discrepancies between different domains. Finally， different transfer model tests were carried out on the bearing data sets damaged by man-made damage and accelerated life test. The results show that the method proposed may obtain better recognition accuracy when the target domain contains a small number of labels. 

The theoretical system of intelligent manufacturing for HCPS confirmed the central position of human in the intelligent manufacturing system. Starting from the demand of human-machine collaboration in the intelligent manufacturing system, the emphases of human factors in HCIM were discussed from three levels such as behavior, intention, and cognition, based on the theory of gulf. Focusing on virtual-real fusion scenarios, multimodal human-machine interaction, cognitive quantification and other methods, the importance of human factor engineering in promoting the integration of human-computer intelligence was expounded. Finally, research direction and development suggestions of human-centered intelligent manufacturing from the implementation of HCPS intelligent manufacturing systems were put forward.

For discrete ground contact,there were high adaptability and extensive application prospect for mammalian legged robot when encountering special topographical and unpredictable environment such
as obstacles,ditch and so on.This paper surveyed the development process of mammalian legged robots,and mainly introduced overseas and domestic research status in terms of two legged and four legged robots.The related theory and method on legged structure,joint drive,navigation,stability criterion and control algorithm  were analyzed and discussed,Meanwhile,the difficulties to be solved under development were analyzed and the future of legged robots was forecasted.

The industrial big data analytics is one of the most critical issues to enable the intelligent manufacturing.According to "the fourth paradigm:data-intensive scientific discovery", the "connection-prediction-regulation" scientific paradigm of big data-driven intelligent manufacturing was proposed.According to the data processing processes, the method system of fusion processing, correlation analysis, performance prediction and optimization decision was summarized.The big data platform was designed around the edge layer, platform layer and application layer, and the enabling technology of big data-driven intelligent manufacturing was introduced. Then four typical application scenarios were illustrated and reviewed:design, planning and scheduling, quality optimization, and machinery health management.

The welded joints were susceptible to defects and stress concentration, rendering them vulnerable areas for fatigue crack initiation and propagation under fatigue loads. In comparison to homogeneous materials, the microstructure and stress localization in each of regions for the joints further complicated the fatigue issue in welded structures. Unlike ideal experimental conditions, the actual service environments of welded structures were intricate, it was necessity to consider the coupling characteristics between environmental factors and welded structures when predicting welded structure fatigue life. Therefore, the internal factors influencing welded structures were summarized and analyzed while reviewing existing life prediction models from perspectives encompassing complex loads and extreme service environment. Combining the latest research progresses, the recommendations were proposed to enhance fatigue life assessment methods for the welded structures.

With a large number of  accuracy  survey on domestic CNC machine tools,it was  found that the number of accuracy recession caused by abnormal wear  gave a  bigger  proportion.In order to find the reasons of accuracy descends more clearly,the reasons that led  to the poor accuracy retentivity in the stage of design, manufacture and  applications were analyzed from three aspects of spindle accuracy, geometric accuracy and dynamic accuracy. Finally, aiming at the different types of CNC machine tools, the methods to  improve accuracy retentivity  were proposed.

Through introducing meaning of camouflage technology, the importance and significance could be understood in the modern war. Several technology of military camouflage areas and its principles and applications were illustrated in detail,including screen camouflage technology,decoy camouflage technology,color camouflage technology, etc. The current situation was discussed on the development of world military camouflage. With the development of technology, it is expounded that camouflage technology is developing towards multiband, pluralism, intelligence. With the applications of more discipline theory, camouflage technology will blend in new methods and new ideas. 

Planar linkage mechanisms are widely applied to many machines.
But such a long transmission distance will  cause a  large error accumulation,and the impact on the
kinematic accuracy  can  not  be  ignored.A modeling method of kinematic accuracy reliability analyses and simulation  process was proposed considering multi-factor coupling   effects  of manufacturing errors,structure deformation,assembly tolerance and hinge wear.The  dynamics  analyses of  the mechanism were  carried out after the clearance joints were dealt with momentum exchange approach.Based on the results of dynamics  analyses,the Hook's law or finite element method was used  to analyze  the deformation  of  the  components   and   Archard's model was used to analyze the wear depth of  each joints.Follow that,the closed vector position equation of the mechanism  was established  after the clearance joint  was replaced with massless link considering manufacturing errors,structural deformations,and a kinematical accuracy modeling method  was also proposed considering the  multi-factor coupling effects.The feasibility of the proposed method was proved by the kinematic accuracy reliability and sensitivity analysis of an aircraft door retractable mechanism and finally gives some valuable advices for manufacture and maintenance process.

Improving the surface integrity of bearing grooves was an important solution to solve technical problems such as low reliability life, high friction power consumption and unstable vibrations and noises of bearings. On the basis of comprehensive research of generalized surface integrity by domestic and foreign scholars, the definition and connotation of characteristic parameters of bearing groove surface integrity were proposed, and the significance of characteristic parameters and the influence mechanism on bearing performance were expounded. The influences of different processing processes such as forging, turning, heat treatment, grinding and ultra-precision on the surface characteristic parameters of bearing raceways were analyzed in details, and the corresponding control measures were given. The new technologies, new processes, and new methods for improving surface integrity were briefly introduced. Finally, the summary and prospect of improving the surface integrity of bearing grooves were made to provide some references for improving the contact fatigue lifes of bearings.

Impact of pneumatic cylinder at the stroke terminal was considered to be an integrated system of vibrations, including slender piston rod, mass load, piston and end cover.Based on one-dimensional wave equation, a mathematical model of longitudinal   vibration of slender piston rod was established firstly. Impact force,contact displacement and  contact time were analyzed by means of mode superposition method.Then impact process of pneumatic cylinder was numerically simulated by nonlinear FEM software LS-DYNA.The variation of impact interface force and contact time were studied in detail under different masses of driven load and impact velocities. Compared with numerical solution of LS-DYNA,the accuracy of analytical solution was verified, and how impact force varies as velocity and load was concluded. Vibration frequencies of impact response were furtherly analyzed, and reasons for the changes of impact forces were studied. Research conclusions provide reference for design and applications of pneumatic cylinders.

Through low cycle fatigue experiments of the cast magnesium alloy AZ91D and the wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B at room temperature under stress control, the fatigue life prediction was conducted by the Basquin model, the SWT model and the strain energy-life model. Then, regarding the low cycle fatigue damage of magnesium alloys as an irreversible dissipation process that might be described by the entropy according to the irreversible thermodynamics theory of continuum damage mechanics, and using the mean strain increment per cycle to reflect the effects of the mean stress, a new model for the low cycle fatigue life prediction of magnesium alloys was developed. By this model, the low cycle fatigue life prediction of magnesium alloys was carried out through the experiments mentioned above. Results show that the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results. And compared with the other life prediction models, the new model for the low cycle fatigue life prediction of magnesium alloys has a better effectiveness.

In order to meet rehabilitation needs of patients with finger injury, a finger-supported exoskeletal robot was designed based on planar linkages. Firstly, a kinematics model of the robot was established by analyzing the degrees of freedom of bionic finger movements. Secondly, main mechanical components and rotation angles of finger joints were used as space vector elements to solve robot workspace. Based on these, optimum sizes of each mechanical structures were obtained, and structural optimization designs of mechanical components were completed. Simulation results show that the robot may carry out bending and stretching movements in a certain range of angles, and may meet rehabilitation training of patients with finger injury.

Aiming at the hybrid flow-shop scheduling problems, an adaptive genetic algorithm with ITPX was proposed. Firstly, the solution performance of two-points crossover（TPX） was improved by exacting point taking method. Secondly, adaptive selection probability was demonstrated based on hormonal regulation guiding convergence trend of populations. Then, a pool of high-quality chromosomes and a memory factor were established to record the high-quality chromosomes during population evolution, and two different regional crossovers were implemented. Experimentsal results show that ITPX may save optimization time and improve solution performance; the adaptive probability may enhance convergence; ITPX-IAGA may reduce solution time by more than 40% and improve solution performance.

Aimed at a 6-DOF installing-calibrating robot,coordinate systems of joints were set up and D-H parameters were obtained by using D-H methods.Then the positions of its moving elements and end-effectors with their relationship were presented and the forward kinematic solution were derived.A Jacobian matrix of  the installing-calibrating robot was established based on differential methods.And singular values of the Jacobian matrix and the condition numbers of installing-calibrating robot were analyzed.It provides the theoretical basis and important data for the robot trajectory planning and online real-time calculation under actually working environments.

At present， there was an urgent need for an accelerated life test method of harmonic reducer in engineering to replace the full life test in order to reduce the test cycles and costs. Based on the principles of accelerated life test， a constant stress accelerated life test program  was proposed based on the failure characteristics of the harmonic reducer. The flexible wheel that was most likely to fail in the harmonic reducers was taken as the object， and the definite failure judgment， acceleration stress， acceleration factor， method of accelerating model were pointed out. In the small sample test data processing， a more accurate Weibull distribution parameter estimation was obtained by using the maximum likelihood method and Markov Monte Carlo method. The experimental results of the prototype show that the scheme may effectively describe the life of the harmonic reducers. The reliability evaluation standard of the basic rated life is 62% higher than that of the evaluation standard of the median life. The life index of the harmonic reducers was effectively evaluated. The research results have certain engineering application values. 

Probes are the key components of micro-nano CMM.According to the development perspective of micro-nano 3-dimensional measurement and its present research situation, the new requirements of the probes including contact probes, non-contact probes and probes developed with new technology, were described herein firstly. Then, the domestic and foreign research progresses of micro-nano CMM probes were reviewed and compared, and the main problems of two kinds of probes needed to be solved were listed. In order to overcome the shortages of these probes, a new developing three-dimensional resonant trigger probe was discussed. Finally, the summary and prospect of the micro-nano CMM probes research and development were given.

The metal powder bed fusion was an advanced and promising manufacturing technique which was rapidly developed in recent years. The extensive attentions in the fields of aerospace,biomedicine and automotive were obtained,but shortcomings such as poor process repeatability and insufficient stability were still restricting its further industrial applications. On-line monitoring provided an effective solution for these obstacles by monitoring process statuses and defects in time. The research statuses of on-line monitoring for metal powder bed fusion were reviewed from the aspects of powder recoating monitoring,powder bed inspection,building process monitoring and deposited layer inspection. Then,limitations of present online monitoring techniques were pointed out,and some topics to be further studied were predicted.

Firstly,this paper gave an overview of the application status of the angular contact ball bearings in motorized spindles and analysed the interrelationship between the preloading forces and the performance such as precision,spindle speed,service life of motorized spindles. Second,were the princi-ples and characteristics of the bearing positioning preloading technology and the constant pressure pre-loading technology reviewed. Then the adjusting preload technology and the automatic preload technolo-gy were commented with different preloading methods respectively,such as hydraulic preload equip-ment,shape memory alloy(SMA)spring,double metal sleeve,piezoelectric equipment,electromagnet-ic force equipment and centrifugal force equipment etc.. Finally,the future development trends of motor-ized spindle preloading technology was prospected.

As a new member of international standard specimens, “S” shape detection test piece became a problem in the processing area due to its complex shape. In the environment of UG NX, through some operations such as three-dimensional modeling, process planning, CNC programming, “S” piece post processing commands were derived. Based on virtual machine tool theory, a machining simulation universal platform was set up, and the accuracy of processing program was verified. A variety of methods of five-axis CNC programming were adopted, and theoretical errors of various programming methods were compared through the  simulation platform. The post commands with minimum theoretical errors were selected to cutting experiments, they realized five-axis machining of “S” piece.

The evolution mechanism of the DTSs was not clear, resulting in a lack of technology roadmap for DTS in the manufacturing fields. To fill this gap, firstly the existing problems and challenges in production shopfloors were analyzed in the view of the role and relationship of information flow, material flow and control flow. Then, after summarizing the research status of digital twin, the method how to construct an interactive, controllable and computable virtual workshop was proposed from three dimensions namely visualization, logic and data. Further,evolution mechanism from virtual shopfloors to digital model shopfloors, digital shadow shopfloors and DTSs was explored. Finally, the DTS was realized from digital, intelligent and smart stages, and the operation mechanism and enabling technologies of each stage were expounded, which provides reference for the promotion and applications of DTS in the manufacturing fields.

A kinematics model of robots was established firstly by D-H frame method. Based on the analyses of trajectory planning processes, an improved B-spline curve was applied to the robot joint space trajectory interpolations. Secondly, after discussing the improvement reasons and elaborating the methods of improving the B-spline curves, the speed and acceleration properties, and the implementation details of the improved B-spline curves were given. Finally, simulation experiments were carried out on MATLAB 2014a platform, and the improved method was used to realize the circular trajectory. Results show that the method may improve the smoothness of robots in joint motions and spatial trajectories, and then optimize the trajectory motions of the robots.

The singularity of complex planar linkages was very difficult to find because they consisted of multiple links and more complex loops and input-related. Using the concept of instance center and the characteristics of planar linkages, the concept and method of equivalent four-bar linkages for the singularity analysis of single-DOF complex planar linkages were proposed. The geometric characteristics were employed when the equivalent linkage was at dead point positions. The proposed method is geometry-based and may be applied to the singularity analysis of more complex linkages such as the double butterfly linkages.