TAOYong, XIAOShu-zhen, GAOHe, CHENYi-xian, WEIHong-xing
The dexterous multi-fingered robotic hand, serving as a key end-effector, is pivotal for enabling robots to perform fine-grained grasping and compliant manipulation. Its advancement holds significant importance for promoting automation in manufacturing, enhancing the intelligence of service robots, and expanding applications in specialized environments. Focusing on humanoid multi-fingered dexterous hand technologies, this paper systematically reviews the current state-of-the-art and future trends. It begins by elucidating the fundamental concepts, system architecture, and typical characteristics of dexterous hands. This is followed by a comprehensive of research achievements from domestic and international teams and commercially available mainstream multi-fingered dexterous hand products, covering various degrees-of-freedom designs and their respective hardware and software implementations. Key technologies, including core hardware components, multi-modal sensory fusion, and control strategies, are critically analyzed. The paper subsequently summarizes practical applications across domains such as industrial assembly, daily life assistance, and operations in extreme environments. Current challenges, particularly in reliability, multi-modal coordination, generalization capability, human-robot safety, and integration and application, are identified. Finally, future research directions are prospected from multiple perspectives, including standard establishment, novel mechanical structures, advanced multi-modal perception and fusion, bionic evolution, and embodied intelligence, aiming to provide valuable insights for in-depth research and groundbreaking applications of dexterous hands.