水平冲击条件下不同撞击速度对乘员头部伤害影响分析

doi:10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2020.02.018

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机械强度 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2) : 374-383. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2020.02.018

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水平冲击条件下不同撞击速度对乘员头部伤害影响分析

朱鲜飞, 冯蕴雯, 薛小锋, 朱铮铮

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INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT IMPACT VELOCITY ON OCCUPANT HEAD INJURYUNDER HORIZONTAL IMPACT

ZHU XianFei, FENG YunWen, XUE XiaoFeng, ZHU ZhengZheng

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文章历史 +

摘要

适坠性的本质是研究对人（机组人员和乘客）的保护，而乘员头部伤害在坠撞事故中占有较大的比重。为了研究水平冲击条件下不同撞击速度对乘员头部伤害的影响，提出以乘员损伤等级（Abbreviated Injury Scale，AIS）和乘员伤害风险概率来评价乘员伤害的综合评估方法，并以典型民机双椅管三联座椅为研究对象，利用LS-Dyna软件构建了假人-座椅-约束系统动力学仿真模型，分析了不同撞击速度（8.0 m/s、10.0 m/s、12.0 m/s、14.0 m/s、16.0 m/s）对乘员头部伤害的影响及伤害发生的阶段、特点等。假人动态响应分析结果表明：在飞机纵向坠撞过程中，乘员有可能受到严重的头部和腿部伤害，乘员头部伤害随着撞击速度的增大而快速增大，乘员伤亡率随着撞击速度的增大而呈指数式增长，乘员腿部运动剧烈，增大了与舱内其他设施碰撞的风险，此外，乘员低头运动幅度、安全带载荷峰值与撞击速度亦成正比关系。因此，当坠撞事故发生时应设法控制水平撞击速度（13.0 m/s时，乘员伤亡率<10%；16.0 m/s时，乘员伤亡率>80%）。

Abstract

The essence of crashworthiness is to study the protection of people (crew and passengers), and the head injury of the occupants accounted for a large proportion in the crash. In order to investigate the influences of different impact velocity on the occupant's head injury under horizontal impact conditions, a comprehensive evaluation method based on occupant's Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and occupant's injury risk probability to evaluate occupant injury is proposed, and a dynamic simulation model which including seat, restraint system and dummy was constructed by LS-Dyna software. Take the typical civil aircraft double-tube triple-seat as research objects, the effects of different horizontal impact velocity (8.0 m/s, 10.0 m/s, 12.0 m/s, 14.0 m/s, 16.0 m/s) on the head injury of occupants, the stages and characteristics of injuries were analyzed. The results of dummies' dynamic response analysis shows that occupants may be severely injured in the head and legs during the aircraft's longitudinal impact, occupant' head injury increases rapidly with the increase of horizontal impact velocity, and occupant' fatality rate increases exponentially with increasing horizontal impact velocity, the substantial leg movement of the occupants greatly increase the risk of injuries caused by collisions with other facilities in the cabin. In addition, the dummies' head trajectory, the peak load of seat belt is proportional to the horizontal impact velocity. Therefore, when the crash occurs, the horizontal impact velocity should be controlled deliberately (the fatality rate was less than 10% when the impact velocity was 13.0m/s, and more than 80% when the impact velocity was 16.0m/s).

导出引用

朱鲜飞, 冯蕴雯, 薛小锋, 朱铮铮. 水平冲击条件下不同撞击速度对乘员头部伤害影响分析[J]. 机械强度, 2020, 42(2): 374-383 https://doi.org/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2020.02.018

ZHU XianFei, FENG YunWen, XUE XiaoFeng, ZHU ZhengZheng. INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT IMPACT VELOCITY ON OCCUPANT HEAD INJURYUNDER HORIZONTAL IMPACT[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2020, 42(2): 374-383 https://doi.org/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2020.02.018

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