Surface heat treatment can induce micro-structural changes in the components surface to form hardened and transition layer above the core zone, which can be treated as a three-layer structure. The case depth of the hardened layer is an important criteria for evaluating the mechanical properties of the surface material. Magnetic hysteresis model for multilayer structure is established based on point-like magnetic dipole for quantitative evaluation of case depth. Double peaks occur in the predicted differential permeability curve of three-layer structure. The heights of the two peaks and the height ratio almost linearly change as the increasing case depth to produce a new case depth evaluation method. The measured differential permeability curves, which are obtained from high-frequency induction hardened 40Cr steel rods, show that the peak heights ratio is more suitable for case depth evaluation as compared to coercive force. The variation coefficients among the repeated testing results of the two peak heights are lower than 1%, and the linear regression coefficients are higher than 0.95. The proposed hysteresis model can act as theoretical tool for case depth evaluation using magnetic testing method, and the proposed method can be applied for plat or curved components.
LIU Xiucheng
,
ZHANG Ruihuan
,
WU Bin
,
WANG Xueqian
,
HE Cunfu
. Characterization and Detection Method for Case Depth Evaluation Based on Magnetic Hysteresis Model of Multi-layered Structures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017
, 53(20)
: 7
-12
.
DOI: 10.3901/JME.2017.20.007
[1] 李永兵, 王健, 左玲立, 等. 复杂曲面结构凸轮槽高频感应淬火工艺及组织与性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2010, 35(11):70-72. LI Yongbing, WANG Jian, ZUO Lingli, et al. High-frequency induction quenching process and microstructure and properties of cam slot with complex curved-surface[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2010, 35(11):70-72.
[2] 陈涛, 刘献礼, 李素燕, 等. 高速硬切削加工表面白层形成机理研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(23):182-188. CHEN Tao, LIU Xianli, LI Suyan, et al. Mechanism of white layer formation on machined surface of high-speed hard machining[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51(23):182-188.
[3] 王红美, 徐滨士, 马世宁, 等. 纳米压痕法测试电刷镀镍镀层的硬度和弹性模量[J]. 机械工程学报, 2005, 41(4):128-131. WANG Hongmei, XU Bingshi, MA Shining, et al. Hardness and modulus of elasticity of brush plated nickel coating by nanoindentation testing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2005, 41(4):128-131.
[4] 高长旭, 邢振平, 李博. 感应加热淬火硬化层深度检测方法探讨[J]. 哈尔滨轴承, 2015, 36(4):33-36. GAO Changxu, XING Zhenping, LI Bo. Discussion on detecting method for hardening depth of induction heating quenching[J]. Journal of Harbin Bearing, 2015, 36(4):33-36.
[5] 罗新, 吴伟, 李大鹏, 等. 20CrMnTi钢渗碳淬火硬化层深度的磁矫顽力检测[J]. 无损检测, 2016, 38(7):47-50. LUO Xin, WU Wei, LI Dapeng, et al. Detection of 20CrMnTi steel carburizing hardening depth by magnetic coercive force[J]. Nondestructive Testing, 2016, 38(7):47-50.
[6] MOORTHY V. Distortion analysis of magnetic excitation: a novel method for non-destructive evaluation of depth of surface-hardening in ferritic steels[J]. Philosophical Magazine Letters, 2014, 94(9):564-572.
[7] SANTA-AHO S, VIPPOLA M, SORSA A, et al. Utilization of Barkhausen noise magnetizing sweeps for case-depth detection from hardened steel[J]. NDT & E International, 2012, 52:95-102.
[8] BLAOW M M, SHAW B A. Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Profile Analysis:Effect of excitation field strength and detection coil sensitivity in case carburized steel[J]. Materials Sciences and Applications, 2014, 5(5):258-266.
[9] ZHANG C X, BOWLER N, LO C. Magnetic characterization of surface-hardened steel[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2009, 321(23):3878-3887.
[10] KOBAYASHI S, TAKAHASHI H, KAMADA Y. Evaluation of case depth in induction-hardened steels: magnetic hysteresis measurements and hardness-depth profiling by differential permeability analysis[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2013, 343:112-118.
[11] SATO M, ISHⅡ Y. Simple and approximate expressions of demagnetizing factors of uniformly magnetized rectangular rod and cylinder[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1989, 66(2):983-985.
[12] GORKUNOV E S, POVOLOTSKAYA A M, KULEEV V G, et al. Coercive force of a package of steel sheets with different degrees of magnetic hardness[J]. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2002, 38(5):331-338.
[13] TAKÁCS J. Mathematics of hysteretic phenomena: the T(x) model for the description of hysteresis[M]. Weinheim:Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, 2003.
[14] RAGHUNATHAN A, MELIKHOV Y, SNYDER J E, et al. Modeling of two-phase magnetic materials based on Jiles-Atherton theory of hysteresis[J]. Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials, 2012, 324(1):20-22.
