Angle of attack of blade is one of the most important factors that affect the aerodynamic characteristic of a vertical axis wind rotor. For a kind of 1 kW H-type vertical axis wind turbine with symmetric airfoil, the theoretical optimum angles of attack 10.7ånd -10.7°of upwind area and downwind areas of wind rotor are determined for the purpose of obtaining the maximum utilization rate of wind power of the wind wheel. For the existing wind rotor, the change law of blade angle of attack is similar to the sine curve, not in the vicinity of an optimum value, and so the blade angle of attack needs to be adjusted real-time. First, the change of blade attack angle in the upper wind area is calculated based on the multi flow management theory of double actuated disk. And the relationship between blade installation angle and angle of attack is established. By adjusting the installation angle, the blade angle of attack is maintained at a reasonable value in the upwind area. Considering the complex flow field in the downwind area, the sizes and directions of induction velocity various orientation are obtained by using numerical simulation method. Based on it, the concept of local tip speed ratio in downwind area is presented, the calculation formula of blade angle of attack is established in the downwind area, and the adjustment law of blade angle of attack is also obtained. Finally, based on the Multi flow management theory of double actuated disk, the calculation results show that the utilization rate of wind power of the wind rotor can be increased by 11.03% by the real-time adjustment law of blade angle of attack proposed in this paper compared with the original wind turbine.
[1] 杨益飞,潘伟,朱熀秋. 垂直轴风力发电机技术综述及研究进展[J]. 中国机械工程,2013,24(5):703-709. YANG Yifei,PAN Wei,ZHU Huangqiu. An overview and recent research progresses of vertical axis wind turbine[J]. China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(5):703-709.
[2] 伊恩·帕拉斯基沃尤. 垂直轴风力机原理与设计[M]. 李春,叶舟,高伟,译. 上海:上海科学技术出版社,2013. PARASCHIVOIU I. Wind turbine design with emphasison Darrius concept[M]. Translated by LI Chun,YE Zhou,GAO Wei. Shanghai:Shanghai science and Technology Press,2013.
[3] 蒋超奇,严强. 水平轴与垂直轴风力发电机的比较研究[J]. 上海电力,2007,20(2):163-165. JIANG Chaoqi,YAN Qiang. A comparative study of the horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbine[J].Shanghai Electric Power,2007,20(2):163-165.
[4] 李岩. 垂直轴风力机技术讲座(一)垂直轴风力机及其发展概况[J]. 可再生能源,2009,27(1):121-123. LI Yan. Vertical axis wind turbine technology lectures (one):Vertical axis wind turbine and its development[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2009,27(1):121-123.
[5] KOSAKU T,SANO M,NAKATANI K. Optimum pitch control for variable-pitch vertical-axis wind turbines by a single stage model on the momentum theory[C]. IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,October 6-9,2002,Yasmine Hammamet,Tunisia,Tunisia. USA:IEEE Xplore,2002:482-487.
[6] HWANG I S,LEE Y H,KIM S J. Effectiveness enhancement of a cycloidal wind turbine by individual active control of blade motion[C]//Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2007,April 27,2007,San Diego,California,United States. Proc. USA:SPIE,2007,6525:1-8.
[7] PALASH J A. Abhishek. Performance prediction and fundamental understand ing of small scale vertical axis wind turbine with variable amplitude blade pitching[J]. Renewable Energy,2016,97:97-113.
[8] 严强. 垂直轴风力发电机叶片攻角调节装置:中国,200610023892.2[P]. 2006-08-02. YAN Qiang. Angle of attack of the vertical axis wind turbine blade adjusting means:China,200610023892.2[P]. 2006-08-02.
[9] 张立勋,梁迎彬,尉越啸,等. 垂直轴风力机主动式变桨距控制规律[J]. 中南大学学报,2013,44(6):2561-2568. ZHANG Lixun,LIANG Yingbin,WEI Yuexiao,et al. Active variable-pitch control laws for vertical axis wind turbine[J]. Journal of Central South University,2013,44(6):2561-2568.
[10] 郑旭阳,孙毅志,刘立群,等. 垂直轴风力发电机的建模与变桨距研究[J]. 自动化仪表,2013,34(9):52-59. ZHENG Xuyang,SUN Zhiyi,LIU Liqun,et al. Modeling of vertical axis wind turbine and research on the variable pitch[J]. Process Automation Instrumentation,2013,34(9):52-59.
[11] 张立军,刘华,赵昕辉,等.垂直轴风力机非对称翼型叶片变攻角方法[J]. 可再生能源,2016,34(2):232-237. ZHANG Lijun,LIU Hua,ZHAO Xinhui,et al. The method for wind turbine to vary angle of attack of asymmetric airfoil blade[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2016,34(2):232-237.
[12] 赵振宙,陈潘浩,王同光,等. 基于扰流技术的直叶片升力型垂直轴风轮的性能改善[J]. 机械工程学报,2016,52(22):146-152. ZHAO Zhenzhou,CHEN Panhao,WANG Tongguang,et al. Performance improvement of lift type wind turbine with straight blades based on interference airflow technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(22):146-152.
[13] 赵振宙,陈景茹,王同光,等. 干扰气流对Φ型风力机气动特性影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2016,52(6):181-187. ZHAO Zhenzhou,CHEN Jingru,WANG Tongguang,et al. Research on aerodynamic characteristic ofфtype wind turbine affected by interference air[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(6):181-187.
[14] 王建录,赵萍,林志民,等. 风能与风力发电技术[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2015. WANG Jianlu,ZHAO Ping,LIN Zhimin,et al. Wing energy and wind turbine power technology[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2015.
[15] 尹伟.大功率直叶片垂直轴风力机气动特性及风轮构型研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015. YIN Wei. Research on aerodynamic performance And rotor configuration of Large-scale straight-blade vertical Axis wind turbine[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015.
[16] JIN Xin,ZHAO Gaoyuan,GAO Kejun,et al. Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine:Basic research methods[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,42(17):212-225.
[17] WEKESA D W,WANG Cong,WEI Yingjie. Empirical and numerical analysis of small wind turbine aerodynamic performance at a plateau terrain in Kenya[J]. Renewable Energy,2016,90:377-385.
[18] 施培丽. 高密实度H型风力机流场及性能的数值研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2013. SHI Peili. Aerodynamic performance prediction of a high solidity H-type wind turbine[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.
[19] KOROBENKO A,HSU M.C,AKKERMAN I,et al. Aerodynamic simulation of vertical axis wind turbines[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics,2014,81(1):1-7.
[20] SAMNA N Z,MATIN K,MARIUS P. Mesh convergence study for 2-D straight-blade vertical axis wind turbine simulation and estimation for 3D simulations[J]. Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering,2014,38(4):487-504.
[21] 郑树育. 垂直轴风力机变桨距控制参数优化选择的研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010. ZHENG Shuyu. Research on parameter optimization for variable pitch control of vertical axis wind turbine[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[22] 郭志平,李庆安,刘清龙,等. 三叶片直线翼垂直轴风力机非定常流场速度分析[J]. 机械工程学报,2015,(51)22:159-167. GUO Zhiping,LI Qingan,LIU Qinglong,et al. Analysis on the element unsteady flow speed field of straight- bladed vertical axis wind turbine with three blades[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,(51)22:159-167.
