建立空气弹簧的气动流体力学模型，并推导空气弹簧垂向特性与其回滞曲线几何特征的关系式。基于该气动模型，通过静态及动态仿真试验，着重研究橡胶气囊体积、附加空气室体积及节流孔直径三个结构参数与空气弹簧垂向静态刚度、动态刚度及阻尼特性的关系。在此基础上，使用包含该空气弹簧气动模型的高速动车组整车动力学模型，进一步研究空气弹簧结构参数对车辆垂向平稳性的影响规律。计算结果表明，增大橡胶气囊体积可有效改善车辆垂向平稳性；附加空气室体积达到一定值时，进一步增大对提高车辆垂向平稳性作用不大，应保证附加空气室容积至少为35 L；随着节流孔直径的增大，车辆垂向平稳性指标首先快速减小然后缓慢增大，说明节流孔直径存在一较优取值范围，约为15～25 mm，使车辆垂向平稳性达到最佳。

The pneumatic hydromechanics model of air spring is constructed and the relation functions of air spring’s vertical characteristics and its hysteresis curves are derived. Based on the pneumatic model, the relations of the air spring structural parameters, which include the bellow volume, the auxiliary tank volume and the orifice diameter, and the static and dynamic stiffness and the damping characteristics are revealed by the static and dynamic simulation tests. On this basis, the air spring model is implemented in the high-speed electric multiple units(EMU) dynamics model and a parametric study on the vertical comfort is conducted. The study results show that, the increment of the bellow volume can improve the vertical comfort; when the auxiliary tank volume is large enough, its influence on the vertical comfort becomes little, so the volume of the auxiliary tank should be at least 35 L; with the increase of the orifice diameter, the vehicle vertical comfort index first rapidly decreases and then increases slowly, which means that there exists a preferable range, about 15-25 m, for the value of orifice diameter, which makes the vertical comfort become best.