减载式声屏障是一种新型声屏障，作为提高高速铁路声屏障结构安全性和可靠性的有效途径之一，其减载特性的优劣是决定该产品能否推广应用的关键，对高铁减载式声屏障减载特性进行研究具有重要意义。提出两种减载式声屏障减载特性评价指标：应变减载率和压力减载率；在此基础上，对减载式声屏障的减载特性进行试验研究。通过研究发现，应变减载率和压力减载率均可以体现出减载式声屏障的减载能力，但不同车速及不同高度下的应变减载率与压力减载率亦有明显区别；应变减载率随车速的变化与声屏障高度的相关性较小，但声屏障越高，其应变峰值与谷值之差的变化受车速的影响越大；两种高度声屏障的压力减载率存在明显不同，且声屏障越高，其对应的压力减载率越大，两种高度声屏障的压力减载率与车速的相关性较小。
Deloading sound barrier is one way to improve the structure safety and reliability of sound barrier on high-speed railway. Investigation on the sound barrier deloading characteristic has an important value of engineering application. Here, two indexes to evaluate deloading characteristic are given:the pressure deloading rate and the strain deloading rate, then the deloading performance of the sound barrier on high-speed railway are experimentally investigated. The result shows, both the pressure and strain deloading rate can reflect the deloading performance of sound barrier, but there are also differences under different train speeds and barrier heights. With the increasing of train speeds and barrier heights, the change of strain deloading rate is small, however, varies of strain crest-trough difference with train speeds increases with the increasing of barrier heights. The sound barriers with different heights have different pressure deloading rates, and the higher sound barrier is, the bigger pressure deloading rate becomes. In addition, the pressure deloading rate has little relationship with train speeds.
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