相似试验模型在大型结构振动与冲击试验研究中起到重要作用。综述动力学相似理论在结构动力学相似试验模型设计中的应用研究进展与发展趋势，并引述大量文献。总结动力学相似理论在多个领域的结构振动与冲击问题分析中的主要成果，包括动力学相似理论在海洋结构、土建结构及大型动力装备动力学相似试验模型设计中的应用，复合材料结构的动力学相似设计方法，以及转子系统的动力学相似试验模型设计方法。介绍动力学相似理论的重要研究进展情况，如畸变试验模型的设计及修正方法、动力学相似模型的试验验证。讨论动力学相似理论在结构振动与冲击研究中存在的主要问题并做出展望。

The similitude test model plays an important role in analyzing vibration and shock problems for large structures. The application of the dynamic similitude theory in designing the dynamic scaled test model is reviewed and large numbers of references are quoted. Main achievements are summarized in the use of dynamic similitude theory in analyzing structure vibration and shock problems of many fields, which include: the application of dynamic similitude theory in designing the dynamic scaled model of marine structures, civil engineering structures and large power equipments; the dynamic similitude design method of composite material structures; the dynamic similitude design method of the rotor system; the design and correct methods of distorted models; experimental verification of the dynamic scaled test model. The existing problems and the prospect of the dynamic similitude theory in analyzing the structure vibration and shock are discussed.