通过选择合金粉料种类、激光输出功率、光斑扫描速度为影响因素，用正交试验方法在45钢基体上进行熔覆研究;使用剪切法测试熔覆层与基体的结合强度，分析评价各试验因素对结合强度的影响程度;测试了熔覆层的显微硬度，并使用高解析场发射扫描式电子显微镜进行熔覆层SEM成像和EDS成分分析。试验结果表明，激光熔覆层与基体的结合强度大于45钢基体的抗剪应力强度;镍基的熔覆层的抗剪强度为母材的2~3倍，铁基的抗剪应力强度为母材的5倍以上;粉料种类对结合强度的影响最大，光斑扫描速度次之，激光输出功率影响最小;靠熔覆层外部的硬度比结合部和中部的硬度均高，存在热影响区，硬度高于母材;熔覆层与基体之间形成了良好的冶金结合，组织均匀，无微裂纹等缺陷。激光熔覆层的结合强度能满足再制造的要求。

：The type of alloy powders,laser output power,and scanning speed are selected as influencing factors to conduct orthogonal cladding experiment on the substrate of carbon steel C45. Bonding shear strength and micro hardness of the clad layer and the substrate are tested and analyzed. And cladding layer SEM imaging and EDS components are analyzed by the use of high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that a good metallurgical bond is formed between the cladding layer and the substrate without porous cracks and other defects. Shear stress intensity of nickel based powder is 2-3 times more than the parent material,while that of Fe based powder is 5 times more than the parent material; The powder type has the largest impact on adhesion,scanning speed has the secondary impact,while laser output power has the minimal impact; The hardness of cladding layer outside is higher than the binding part and the middle part,in the heat affected zone,the hardness is higher than that of base metal; The strength of laser cladding can meet the requirements of remanufacturing.