针对桥式起重机主梁的轻量化设计方案对主梁强度、静态刚度的影响问题，基于相似理论和弹性静力学，采用方程分析法推导出原型主梁与相似主梁应力场相似的相似准则。依据主梁结构形式及受力特点，设计切实可行的主梁结构模型试验方案，开展轻量化主梁结构模型试验研究。结果表明，轻量化主梁在跨中截面腹板下半部分的弯曲正应力有一定程度的增加，腹板上半部分的弯曲正应力(绝对值)有小幅度下降；轻量化主梁在跨端截面的切应力增加幅度较大；轻量化主梁的最大挠度有所下降。依据《起重机设计规范》对轻量化主梁进行强度和静态刚度校核。在满足主梁强度、静态刚度要求的前提下，周期性去除腹板上的部分材料实现主梁轻量化设计具有一定的可行性。
焦洪宇
,
周奇才
,
李英
,
陈庆樟
,
许广举
. 桥式起重机轻量化主梁结构模型试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015
, 51(23)
: 168
-174
.
DOI: 10.3901/JME.2015.23.168
In order to research the influence of girder’s lightweight plan on strength and static rigidity, similarity criterions between prototype girder and similarity girder are derived from equational analysis based on similarity theory and elastostatics. The scheme of structural model test is designed reasonably and the study of structural model test is carried out. Results show that bending normal stress of upper half of web at midspan of lightweight girder increases to some extent and bending normal stress of bottom half of web decreases within a narrow range. Shear stress at the end-span declines by a great margin. The maximum deflection of lightweight girder comes down. The strength and static rigidity of lightweight girder are checked based on design rules for cranes. It is feasible to wipe off some material periodically in order to realize the lightweight design of girder on the premise of satisfying the strength and static rigidity.
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