随着高聚物在汽车工业中的应用日益增加,高聚物的性能对汽车的安全性有着不容忽视的影响,尤其是高聚物在高低温下的力学性能差异巨大。因此,结合国内外学者的理论研究与试验基础以及实际使用要求,推导出高聚物在高低温下的三参数本构方程。该本构模型与材料力学性能的基本特征量建立关系,直接由弹性模量E、屈服强度δy、应变ε三参数表示,并包含弹性模量、屈服强度与温度的双曲关系。该模型通过常温应力应变试验数据,及高低温下至少4个屈服强度与弹性模量的试验数据即可实现高聚物在高低温下的力学性能预测,极大降低由于高低温引伸仪的使用而造成的试验难度与强度。本构模型的可行性与有效性通过多种高聚物材料的试验数据得到验证,该本构模型可作为获取高聚物高低温力学性能的有效手段。
With the increasing application of polymers in automobile industry, the performances of polymers, which vary widely at high and low temperature, have assignable influence upon automobile safety. Hence, Based on the theoretical and experimental study of scholars, a constitutive model involved 3 adjustable parameters is deduced to use actual requirement. The constitutive model could be directly presented by basic quantity, such as elastic modulus E, yield strength δy and stress ε. Meanwhile, the relationship between temperature and yield strength,elastic modulus are obtained as well. The model is constructed by only stress-strain relation at room temperature and at least 4 data of yield strength and elastic modulus to predict the mechanical behavior at high and low temperature. Thus, the difficulty and intensity of experiments caused by strain meter at high and low temperature is considerably minimized. The validity of the algorithm is verified by experiments. The new model is an effective method for obtaining the mechanical behavior of polymers at high and low temperature.
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