操纵舒适性度量是人机系统研究的一项重要内容。针对操纵舒适受多方面复杂因素的影响,难以准确、稳定地进行度量的问题,重点围绕人与机器二者的关系,构建人机系统操纵力感知场,将各影响因素以及相关的测评方法映射到场结构中进行归类分析。提取人、机接触应力和操纵者的肌肉应力作为场源核心参量,以同二者相对应的感知强度作为场强参量,利用史蒂文斯幂定律定量描述接触应力、肌肉应力与其对应的感知强度的映射关系,并以高斯势函数表征感知强度与舒适性之间的关系,最终依据操纵力感知场的分布特性,从局部和整体两方面实现操纵舒适性综合度量。应用该方法进行汽车刹车踏板操纵舒适性测评实验,实例分析结果表明,所得操纵舒适性指数与主观测评结果一致,该方法能够作为主观测评的有效补充,为人机系统操纵舒适性优化设计提供理论依据和数据支持。
Handling comfort measurement is a significant part of the study of man-machine system. As influenced by many complex factors, it is difficult to measure the handling comfort accurately and stably. Aiming at the problem, the perception field of operating forces of man-machine system is constructed, by which the influencing factors and related evaluation methods are classified and analyzed. The contact stresses and the muscle stresses are extracted as the key parameters of the field source. Their corresponding perceived intensities are taken as the parameters of field intensity. Stevens’ power law is used to describe the mapping between the contact stress and its perceived intensity as well as the muscle stress and its perceived intensity quantitatively, and the relationship of the perceived intensity and the comfort is characterized by Gaussian potential function. According to the distribution characteristic of the perception field of operating forces, comprehensive measure of handling comfort is implemented in local and holistic ways. The method is applied to the handling comfort test of automobile brake pedal. The experimental results show that the comfort index is consistent with the result of subjective assessment. The method can be a useful addition to subjective methods, and can provide a theoretical basis and data supports for the optimization design of handling comfort of man-machine system.
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