建立列车空调动态负荷模型，采用反应系数法计算列车围护结构逐时导热量，采用热平衡法计算辐射换热得热量，计算我国列车总体“四纵四横”线路同一发车时间列车逐时动态负荷，并对八条线路的结果进行分析比较，列车动态负荷变化趋势与室外温度变化趋势一致，准确采集列车行驶过程中的气象参数有助于空调系统的匹配和控制。通过焓差试验测试方法获得列车单元式空调系统随不同室外工况变化的EER曲线，根据EER曲线结合“四纵四横”动态负荷计算列车空调逐时能耗，计算“四纵四横”各行车区间压缩机负载比例，最后给出列车空调在线运行控制策略。结论是：我国“四纵四横”线路列车空调可根据峰值的不同选择两类制冷量大小的空调系统（32 kW和23 kW）；同一线路中的不同行车区间的空调负荷最大差值为16 kW，与定频模式相比，在线控制模式有效降低了列车空调耗电量，在上述线路和行车时间范围内，全国“四横四纵”行车线路空调最大节电率为30.4%。
A dynamic load model of train air conditioner is established. the conduction load is calculated by the reaction coefficient method. The heat of radiation is calculated by the heat balance method. Dynamic hourly load is calculated in "Four vertical and four horizontal" lines and analysis result is given. The trend of the train dynamic load is consistent with the outdoor temperature trend. This is helpful for the matching and control of the air conditioning systems to accurately collect the meteorological parameters during the train running. The EER curve of train air conditioning systems varying with different outdoor conditions is obtained by enthalpy test. The hourly energy consumption of train air conditioner is calculated with the EER and dynamic load. The compressor load ratio of train air conditioning is calculated. Finally, the online control strategy is given according to the compressor load ratio.The conclusion is that two types of air conditioning systems (32 kW and 23 kW) are selected according to the difference of peak cooling capacity in "Four vertical and four horizontal" lines. The maximum difference of load is 16 kW in the same line. Compared with the fixed frequency mode, the power consumption is reduced by the online control mode effectively. In the above conditions, the maximum rate of air conditioning power saving is 30.4% in "Four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed rail lines.
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