相对于氩弧焊而言，氦弧焊能够获得更大的熔深、熔化效率和更高的焊缝质量，在航天产品铝合金的焊接中表现出更为良好的作用。为比较两种热源电弧热力特性，采用高速摄像观测不同弧长下氦弧和氩弧电弧形态，采用电弧压力传感器测量电弧压力径向分布曲线，并采用分裂阳极法测量氦氩电弧阳极电流密度分布。结果表明，氦弧在阳极附近收缩明显，随弧长的增加氦弧由球形形态逐渐转变为梨形形态。氦弧和氩弧电弧压力均随电流的增大而增加，在相同的电流条件下，氦弧的电弧压力明显小于氩弧。相对于氩弧而言，氦弧阳极电流密度更集中，峰值电流密度也较大。更为集中的阳极电流密度和较高的电弧电压，使得氦弧具有更高的能量和分布更集中的阳极功率密度，有利于增加焊缝熔深，提高焊缝深宽比，实现较厚工件的焊接。
赵红星
,
王国庆
,
宋建岭
,
刘宪力
,
周政
,
杨春利
. 氦弧与氩弧电弧特性对比研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018
, 54(8)
: 137
-143
.
DOI: 10.3901/JME.2018.08.137
Compare to argon arc welding, helium can provide deeper penetration, much more efficient and high-quality weld when it serves as shielding gas, and it performed well in aerospace products welding. In order to compare the characters of these two different arcs, use high-speed camera to observe the shapes of argon and helium arc, while pressure sensors and two divided anodes are used to measure the distribution of arc pressure and anode current density. The results show that, helium arc is obviously compressed near the anode, and it turns to pear-shape with the arc length increasing, while the shape is spherical when the arc length is small. Both helium and argon arc pressure increase with the increasing of welding current, and the arc pressure of helium is much smaller than that of argon under the same welding current. The anode current density of helium arc is much more concentrated than that of argon arc, with larger maximum current density at the same time. The more concentrated anode current density and higher arc volt provide helium arc greater energy with concentrated anode power density, which is beneficial to increase the weld penetration and the depth-to-width ratio, make thicker workpiece welded.
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