目前，空间红外探测领域对80 K温区的冷量需求越来越大，然而为其提供冷源的大冷量的空间脉冲管制冷机相对缺乏。为了提高空间脉冲管制冷机的制冷量，基于Sage平台，建立大冷量的同轴型脉冲管制冷机的整机模型，通过模拟计算，对制冷机的蓄冷器尺寸、脉冲管尺寸、惯性管调相与导流结构等进行设计。依据设计结果，加工了同轴型脉冲管制冷机的冷指，并通过试验研究了调相机构、充气压力、热端导流结构、蓄冷器丝网目数、输入电功率等因素对脉冲管制冷机的影响规律。将试验与模拟结果进行对比，两者具有较好的一致性，从而验证了该大冷量脉冲管制冷机整机模型的准确性。研制出的制冷机在输入电功功率为300 W，热端温度为300 K时，在80 K获得了13 W的制冷量，相对卡诺效率可以达到11.9%。且该工程样机已应用到空间项目中。
王乃亮
,
赵密广
,
陈厚磊
,
梁惊涛
,
蔡京辉
. 13 W@80 K空间大冷量脉冲管制冷机的模拟设计与试验验证[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018
, 54(6)
: 175
-181
.
DOI: 10.3901/JME.2018.06.175
With the development of space technology, the infrared detectors have urgent demands on the high capacity cryocooler at 80 K. Aiming at improving the cooling power, a high capacity coaxial pulse tube cryocooler model with the Sage is built, and the size of the regenerator, pulse tube and the combinations of inertance tubes are optimized. Then, an entire pulse tube cryocooler is designed, manufactured and tested. And it turns out to be that the experimental results are very close to the analytical results. At present, this coaxial pulse tube cryocooler is able to provide cooling power of 13 W at 80 K with the input electrical power of 300 W, and achieves around 11.9% of Carnot efficiency at 80 K.The engineering prototype has been developed for a space program.
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