液体静压主轴是精密、超精密机床的核心功能部件，已在工程领域广泛应用，但轴颈形状误差作为静压主轴形成回转误差的主要因素，其对回转误差的定量影响规律并不明确。通过分析和简化主轴轴颈的形状误差特征，运用CFD动网格技术定量计算了形状误差作用下主轴在轴承油膜中的平衡位置，模拟了主轴旋转时轴颈形状误差凹、凸部位依次通过最小油膜厚度位置的轴心轨迹，发现了轴颈圆度误差使主轴形成回转误差，其大小与轴颈圆度频次和幅值有关，揭示出轴颈圆度误差对液体静压主轴回转精度的作用机制。通过对比理论计算和试验测试轴颈圆度误差作用下的回转精度，理论计算值约为试验测试值的75.2%。理论计算结果和所提出的研究方法具有重要的理论意义和工程参考价值。

：Hydrostatic spindles are core components of precision machine tools,which have been widespread used in mechanical engineering. As the main factor of hydrostatic spindle rotational error,the influence of the journal shape error on rotational error has not been revealed clearly. The error models of grinding of the shaft neck are analyzed and simplified. The equilibrium position of the spindle,considering the influence of the roundness error and cylindrical error,is received by use of the moving mesh method. The trajectory of a spindle from the concentric position to forming rotational error is simulated when the concavo or convex of the shape error in turn passed by the position of the minimum oil film thickness. The roundness error causing the spindle to form a rotational error is found,which is concerned with the frequency and amplitude of the journal shape error. The influence of the shape error of the journal on the hydrostatic spindle is revealed finally. The results of theoretical and experimental test are compared. The theoretical value is around 75.2 % of the experience. The results of theoretical calculation and the research method proposed have important theoretical significance and engineering reference value.