简要回顾几种传统的表面机械强化技术及其特点。对近年来得到迅速发展和应用的金属材料超声表面强化技术进行介绍和评述。这包括超声冲击处理技术、超声喷丸强化技术和超声深滚强化与滚光技术。介绍以上几种技术在国内外的研发和应用的历史和现状，对比几种技术在不同应用中的特点与限制，并与传统的表面机械强化技术进行比较。展望金属材料超声表面强化技术的发展与应用前景。在总结归纳的基础上，从强化机理、强化工艺、工程应用和技术规范等方面提出金属材料超声表面强化技术的研究和应用发展建议。为相关技术领域的研究机构、研究人员和工程应用单位提供有关金属材料超声表面强化的较为全面的信息。

Conventional mechanical surface enhancement technologies and their characteristics are briefly reviewed. Metal ultrasonic surface enhancement technologies such as ultrasonic impact treatment, ultrasonic shot peening and ultrasonic deep rolling and burnishing technologies that have been achieving rapid development and applications in recent years are introduced and reviewed. The state of the art of research and development and engineering applications of these technologies are outlined together with comparisons with those of the conventional mechanical surface enhancement technologies. The advantages and limitations of each technique are pointed out and the development and application futures of these technologies are prospected. Upon summary, research, development and applications of the metal ultrasonic surface enhancement technologies are proposed in view of enhancement mechanism, processes, engineering applications and technical specifications. Comprehensive materials and information on metal ultrasonic surface enhancement technologies are provided for research institutes, researchers and departments of application in related areas.