对单层多道电弧増材制造结构的形貌特征进行研究。发现单条焊道形貌、焊道间距和焊道数目共同决定单层多道结构的最终几何形貌。因此,当焊接参数确定后,焊道间距将在最大程度上影响着单层多道结构的表面平整度。为获得较为合理的焊道间距,总结其他学者在该问题上所用的计算模型。借助于试验手段,阐述传统模型在铝合金电弧增材制造应用中的不足,包括在模型推导过程中采用焊道轮廓近似而产生的误差和模型在使用过程中的局限性。通过对传统模型进行修正,建立一种基于焊接速度、送丝速度和余高的新型焊道间距计算模型。采用试验的方法,对该模型的实用性进行验证。试验结果显示,该模型能够在较为宽泛的参数范围内计算单层多道结构的最佳焊道间距。

The characteristics of single-layer multi-beads parts, produced by GTA-additive manufacturing, are first depicted in this paper. Results show that the morphology of single bead, the distance between beads (d) and the number of beads together determines the flatness of part’s surface. It means that if the welding parameters are fixed, the value of d influence the flatness on the largest extent. In order to obtain a proper value of d, a summary is made about this topic firstly. But in the application of aluminium alloy, some issues is found, including an error attributed to the approximation of welding beads’ profiles and a limitation in the parameters. Consequently, a modification is made and new computational model is established which is based on welding speed, wire feeding speed and bead height. Moreover, related experiments are carried out. Results show that, the new model can contribute to a proper value of d on widely parameters range.