高速列车通过隧道时产生的压力瞬变会引发车内压力波动，对司乘人员的耳感舒适性有重要影响。影响压力瞬变的主要因素有列车速度、阻塞比和隧道长度。特长隧道和中长隧道两种条件下的压力瞬变和车内压力波动的特性是不同的。为考察我国采用单一时间间隔内最大压力变化量研判司乘人员耳感舒适性的适用性，有必要研究高速列车通过特长隧道时车内压力波动特点。基于一维可压缩不等熵非定常流动模型的广义黎曼变量特征线法和我国隧道断面参数特点，研究单车通过简单结构特长复线隧道内时的压力波特性，归纳隧道长度、列车速度和气密指数对车内压力变化的影响特性，分析隧道长度下不同时间间隔的最大压力变化量的最大值变化趋势，获得特长隧道下车内压力变化规律及特殊性问题。参照欧洲压力舒适性标准，分析耳感不适问题的特征，得出在特长隧道条件下采用多时间间隔压力变化阈值评价耳感舒适性问题的必要性。

Pressure transient is generated when a high-speed train passes through a tunnel, while the pressure inside the coaches will also fluctuate. It is one of the main factors affect the aural discomfort of passengers. The train speed, blockage ratio, and the length of the tunnel also affect the pressure transient inside and outside the coaches. The characteristics of pressure fluctuation in super long tunnels are different from that in middle-length tunnels. The applicability of the criterion in which the maximum pressure change in a single time interval is used to evaluating the aural discomfort in China is investigated. And it’s necessary to study the characteristics of pressure fluctuation. Based on one-dimensional, compressible, non-homentropic and unsteady flow model and the method of characteristics of generalized Riemann variables, characteristics of pressure fluctuation in a plain tunnel are studied. The effects of tunnel length, train speed and pressure tightness coefficient on the pressure fluctuation inside the coaches are studied. After analyzing the variation of the maximum value of maximum pressure change during different time intervals, the particularity of pressure fluctuation inside the coaches when the train passes through the super long tunnel is obtained. Based on the pressure comfort criterion in European, the characteristic of aural discomfort are summered. And the conclusion is that it’s necessary to estimate the aural discomfort through the pressure changes in different time intervals in super long tunnels.