为解决全膜覆土种植模式膜上覆土量不足造成的风力破坏、穴孔错位、烧苗等问题,设计一种适用于全膜覆盖铺膜机的膜上覆土装置,即刮板升运带式膜上覆土装置。对其覆土特性进行理论分析,建立理论输土量模型,基于EDEM离散单元法对覆土宽度进行模拟试验,借助Design-Expert软件建立覆土宽度的二次回归模型。在此基础上,进行覆土性能田间试验。结果表明：带速与机组前进速度比由1.38增至2.56,覆土量均值减小;刮板高度由40 mm增至60 mm,覆土量均值增加,取土、输送效率降低;刮板间距、升运带倾角分别由100 mm增至140 mm、35°增至55°,覆土量均值减小,取土、输送效率降低。参数限制区间内,最优参数组合为带速与机组前进速度比1.38,刮板高度60 mm,刮板间距100 mm,升运带倾角35°;覆土宽度模拟值接近田间测试均值,表明EDEM离散单元法模拟覆土宽度可行。该研究可为刮板升运带式膜上覆土装置的改进及优化提供参考。
In order to solve the problems that the volume of covering soil is not enough causing wind damage, cavity dislocation and burn seedlings in whole plastic-film mulching planting model, a device which is suitable for whole plastic-film mulching machine is designed, namely covering soil on plastic-film mechanism with scraper lifting belt. The characteristics of covering soil are analyzed in theory, and the theoretical model of the volume of conveying soil is established. Simulation experiments about covering width are carried out based on the discrete element method (EDEM), and the quadratic regression model about covering width is set up by means of the Design-Expert software. On this basis, property tests of the covering soil in the field are conducted. The results show that when the ratio of belt velocity and forward velocity increases from 1.38 to 2.56, the average volume of covering soil decreases; when the height of scraper increases from 40 mm to 60 mm, the average volume of covering soil increases, the efficiency of earth-fetching and conveying soil reduces; when the spacing of scraper and the dip angle of lifting belt increase from 100 mm to 140 mm, from 35° to 55° respectively, the average volume of covering soil decreases, the efficiency of earth-fetching and conveying soil reduces. In the limitation of parameters, the optimal parameter combination are that the ratio of belt velocity and forward velocity is 1.38, the height of scraper is 60 mm, the spacing of scraper is 100 mm, the dip angle of lifting belt is 35°. Simulation values of the width of covering soil are close to the average value of field tests, which indicates that it is feasible to simulate the width of covering soil using EDEM. The research can provide reference for improvement and optimization of covering soil on plastic-film mechanism with scraper lifting belt.
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