为研究高速列车曲线通过时的轮轨接触几何关系、蠕滑性能及磨耗情况，基于我国某型高速动车组，利用有限元和多体动力学方法，考虑轮对旋转运动，建立高速列车车辆系统弹性模型，并通过数值仿真，得到高速列车曲线通过时，不同曲线参数影响下，轮轨接触点横向位置、轮轨蠕滑力以及轮轨磨耗指数等的变化规律。结果表明，相对于刚性模型，利用车辆系统弹性模型仿真能够更加真实反映轮对旋转运动时的轮轨接触状态，也更符合高速列车实际曲线通过情况。高速列车曲线通过速度和线路横向不平顺激扰幅值增大均会显著加剧轮对横向位移、轮轨接触点横向位置、轮轨横向蠕滑力等轮轨系统横向相互作用，且会加大轮轨磨耗；曲线半径和超高增大对于曲线轨道外侧轮轨磨耗影响较大，但对于轮轨系统横向相互作用影响较小。将通过速度为350 km/h的7 000 m半径曲线超高设置为170 mm，可有效平衡内、外侧轮轨磨耗，列车降速通过则会加剧曲线内侧轮轨磨耗。
In order to study the wheel-rail contact geometry relationship, wear and creep properties when the high-speed train passing curves, an elastic model of vehicle system with rotation wheelsets is established in this article by the finite elements method and multi-body dynamics method. Through numerical simulation, the variations of contact points lateral position, creep force and abrasion of wheel-rail were obtained while the vehicle pass curves in different parameters. The results show that, compared with the rigid model, the elastic vehicle system can more accurately reflect wheel/rail contact performance with rotation wheelsets and it was more close to the actual situation of high speed EMU curve-passing. The wheel-rail lateral interactions such as lateral displacement of wheelset, lateral position of wheel/rai contact points, creep force and wear are more significantly augmented as the increase of the curve-passing speed and the track irregularity amplitude. The increases of super elevation and radius of curve track have larger influence on the abrasion of outside wheel/rail in curve track than the wheel/rail lateral interactions. The elevation of curve track with 7 000 m in radius can be set as 170 mm when the passing speed is 350 km/h to balance the abrasion. The wheel/rail abrasion of inner side in curve track will aggravate as the passing speed decreased.
[1] 王开云. 提速和高速铁路曲线轨道轮轨动态相互作用性能匹配研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学, 2012. WANG Kaiyun. Study on performance matching of wheel-rail dynamic interaction on curved track of speed-raised and high-speed railways[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University, 2012.
[2] 陈鹏.高亮.郝建芳. 铁路曲线上轮轨磨耗影响参数的仿真研究[J]. 中国铁道科学2007, 28(5):19-23. CHEN Peng, GAO Liang, HAO Jianfang. Simulation study on parameters influence wheel/rail wear in railway curve[J]. China Railway Science, 2007, 28(5):19-23.
[3] 宣言, 万家, 王澜. 高速铁路曲线线路车线耦合系统动力学性能仿真分析[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2008, 29(1):7-12. XUAN Yan, WAN Jia, WANG Lan. Simulation research on the dynamic characteristics of vehicle-track coupling system on the curved track of high-speed railway[J]. China Railway Science, 2008, 29(1):7-12.
[4] 李向国. 高速铁路线路参数分析及其行车动力特性研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学, 2011. LI Xiangguo. Analysis of high speed railway line parameters and study of its operation dynamic characteristics[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University, 2011
[5] REN Zunsong, YANG Guang, WANG Shanshan, et al. Analysis of vibration and frequency transmission of high speed EMU with flexible model[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2014, 30(6):876-83.
[6] 任尊松, 孙守光, 李强, 等. 构架结构振动与动态应力仿真研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2004, 40(8):187-192. REN Zunsong, SUN Shouguang, LI Qiang, et al. Simulation of railway bogie dynamic stress and elastic vibration[J]. Chinese journal of mechanical engineering, 2004, 40(8):187-192.
[7] 高浩, 戴焕云, 倪平涛. 考虑轮对弹性的轮轨接触点算法[J]. 铁道学报, 2012, 34(5):26-31. GAO Hao, DAI Huanyun, NI Pingtao. Algorithm of wheel-rail contact point for flexible wheelset[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2012, 34(5):26-31.
[8] 徐传来, 米彩盈. 轮对结构弹性对高速动车曲线通过性能的影响[J]. 机车电传动, 2013(6):1-5. XU Chuanlai, MI Caiying. Influence of wheelset structure flexibility on high-speed EMUs curve-passing performance[J]. Electric drive for locomotives, 2013(6):1-5.
[9] 万鹏, 翟婉明, 王开云. 考虑轮对弹性时车辆运动稳定性分析[J]. 铁道车辆, 2008, 46(6):8-10. WAN Peng, ZHAN Wanming, WANG Kaiyun. Analysis of running stability of vehicles with the consideration of wheelset elasticity[J]. Rolling Stock, 2008, 46(6):8-10.
[10] 张永贵. CRH2-300型动车组拖车轮轴振动性能研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2009. ZHANG Yonggui. Research on wheel-axle vibration performance of CRH2-300 EMU[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2009.
[11] 杨光. 考虑轮对弹性和旋转走形的高速轮轨系统动力学性能研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2017. YANG Guang. Research on the dynamic performance of high-speed wheel/rail system considered elastic and rotation of wheelset[D]. Beijng:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2017.
[12] GUYAN R J. Reduction of stiffness and mass matrices[J]. AIAA Journal, 1965, 3(2):56-75.
[13] 杨光, 任尊松, 孙守光. 考虑弹性的高速旋转轮对振动特性研究[J]. 振动工程学报, 2016, 29(4):714-719. YANG Guang, REN Zunsong, SUN Shouguang. Research on the vibration characteristics of high-speed rotation elastic wheelset[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2016, 29(4):714-719.
[14] KALKER J J. Survey of wheel-rail rolling contact theory[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 1979(5):317-358.
[15] 任尊松. 轮轨多点接触及车辆-道岔系统动态相互作用[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2014. REN Zunsong. Wheel/rail multi-point contacts and vehicle-turnout system dynamic interactions[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2014.
[16] 国家铁路局. TB10621-2014高速铁路设计规范[S]. 北京:中国铁道出版社, 2014. National Railway Administration of People's Republic of China. TB10621-2014 Code for design of high speed railway[S]. Beijing:China Railway Publishing House, 2014
[17] 欧阳全裕. 京沪高速铁路缓和曲线长度标准问题研讨[J]. 铁道标准设计, 1997(12):1-2. OUYANG Quanyu. A discussion on the length standard of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway[J]. Railway Standard Design, 1997(12):1-2.
[18] 熊嘉阳, 金学松. 铁路曲线钢轨初始波磨演化分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2006, 42(6):60-66. XIONG Jiayang, JIN Xuesong. Analysis on evolution of initial rail corrugation[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 42(6):60-66.
