随着国内铁路运输需求的增加，轮轨间相互作用导致机车车轮踏面出现不同程度的剥离损伤，严重威胁了列车的安全运行。为研究增黏砂对机车车轮踏面剥离问题的影响，对机务段使用的石英砂及不同类型的河砂进行采样，搭建轮轨接触模拟试验台进行轮轨与石英砂及轮轨与河砂的碾压试验，并对车轮踏面鱼鳞状剥离部位进行金相分析。综合对比分析现场情况、碾压试验结果以及金相分析结果后，得出结论：由于河砂的存在，机车车轮踏面在运用初期形成麻点状损伤；由于河砂的存在，触发了轮轨间滚动接触疲劳的发生，继而在后期导致了机车车轮踏面出现鱼鳞状剥离损伤；不同类型的河砂会在车轮表面造成不同程度的坑状损伤，且破碎均匀性越差的砂粒所导致的车轮剥离损伤越严重；建议使用破碎均匀性较好的石英砂作为增黏介质。
With our increasing demand for railway transportation, different degree of locomotive wheel tread peeling has been appeard, caused by the interaction between wheel and rail. The locomotive wheel tread peeling seriously threatens the safe operation of a train. In order to study the influence of sand on the locomotive wheel tread peeling, quartz sand and different types of river sand which are using in locomotive maintenance service unit have been sampled and a wheel-rail contact simulation test-rig has been set up to carry out the rolling experiments of wheel-rail and quartz sand and river sand. Besides, metallographic analysis has been carried out on the stripping part. After the comprehensive comparative analysis of the scene, test results and metallographic analysis, the conclusions have been drawn. Owning to the action of river sand, the locomotive wheel tread emergences the phenomenon of pitting in the initial stage of application. The river sand makes the effect of rolling contact fatigue occur, and then together lead to the fish scale stripping on the locomotive wheel tread. Furthermore different types of river sand could cause varying degree of pit damage on the wheel surface. And the worse the crushing uniformity of the sand is, the more serious the wheel stripping damage is. Hence it is suggested to use the quartz sand with better crushing uniformity as media to improve adhesion.
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