为改善高速列车车内声场环境，优选出最佳的车体结构选材方案，以高速列车车顶结构为研究对象，将车顶隔声性能、客室内噪声以及心理声学三者联系起来，提出了基于心理声学的高速列车车内噪声预测及选材方法，并得出结论：基于心理声学客观参量的车内噪声评价方法相比于A声级能够更为合理地体现人耳的主观感受，并以此为基础确定出最佳的车顶结构选材方案；将车顶结构中的玻璃棉替换成岩棉后，结构计权隔声量提高1.3 dB，车内A计权声压级总值差异只有0.01 dBA，总响度和总噪度却发生恶化分别提高了1～1.5 sone和1～2 Noy；将5 mm隔音垫调至靠近车外一侧，结构计权隔声量提高1.4 dB，而车内A计权声压级总值车内A计权声压级总值差异0.1 dBA左右，而总响度、总噪度总值也发生恶化分别提高了3～5 sone和2～3 Noy。所提出的研究和评价方法对于高速列车车内噪声预测及车体结构的选材具有工程实用性和借鉴意义。
李晔
,
王瑞乾
,
徐秋婷
,
王加政
,
张学飞
,
褚玉霞
. 基于心理声学的高速列车车内噪声预测及选材方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018
, 54(12)
: 78
-85
.
DOI: 10.3901/JME.2018.12.078
In this paper, in order to improve the interior sound field environment of high-speed train, preferably select the best roof structure material selection scheme, the roof structure of high-speed train is studied. Besides, sound insulation performance of the roof, internal noise of the passenger train and psychoacoustics are linked, which proposes the noise prediction and material selection method in high-speed train based on psychoacoustics. It helps to come to the following conclusions:Firstly, compared to the A-weighted sound level, the evaluation method of vehicle interior noise basing on the objective parameters of psychoacoustics can not only reflect the subjective feelings of the ear more reasonably but also preferably select the best roof structure material selection scheme. Secondly, when replacing the glass wool in the roof structure into rock wool, the structural weighted transmission loss will increase 1.3 dB, the total value of the interior SPL will be deteriorated, while loudness and noisiness be increased 1~1.5 sone and 1~2 Noy. Thirdly, when adjusting the 5 mm sound insulation pad to one side of the train, the structural weighted transmission loss will increase 1.4 dB, the total value of the interior SPL will be unchanged, while the loudness and noisiness be increased 3~5 sone and 2~3 Noy. The research and evaluation methods in the paper are practicable and significant for the noise prediction and material selection of high-speed train definitely.
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