为了能准确推断并扩展高速列车实测载荷谱，以高速列车的轴箱为研究对象，对轴箱垂向加速度载荷进行了线路实测，实测得到的时域载荷数据经雨流计数得到一维加速度载荷谱，分别采用分布函数超越概率法和扩展因子法对载荷谱推断理论进行研究。为了验证两种方法的有效性并达到超越概率法的应用要求，通过截取长时间的运营里程使所测试时域载荷雨流计数后的总累积频次达到106并得到其实测载荷极值，同时把前两种方法扩展得到的载荷极值与实测载荷极值进行对比。结果表明，由扩展因子法推断得到的载荷极值与实测载荷极值最接近，而由超越概率法推断得到的载荷极值与实测极值相差很大，表明由扩展因子法推断载荷极值更精准有效。最后，通过利用分布拟合函数和由扩展因子法推断的载荷极值扩展得到了轴箱全寿命期的垂向加速度载荷谱。
In order to deduct and extend tested load spectrum, the high-speed train axlebox is selected as research object. The axlebox vertical acceleration load is tested on the reality line. After rainflow counting, the one-dimentional load spectrum is got from the time domain data. Exceedance probability method and expansion factor method are used respectively to deduct the extreme load. In order to validate the effectiveness of two methods, long time running data is recorded to make the total cumulative frequency reach to a hundred million. The extreme loads calculated from two different methods are compared with the actual tested extreme load. Result shows that the extreme load that calculated from expansion factor method is very close to that of the actual tested. However, there is a great difference between the extreme load calculated from exceedance probability method and that of the actual tested, which means the expansion factor method is better than the exceedance probability method. Finally, axle box's full-life vertical accelerate spectrum is calculated by using of distribution fitting function and extreme load.
[1] ZHU Ning,SUN Shouguang,LI Qiang,et al. Theoretical research and experimental validation of quasi-static load spectra on bogie frame structures of high-speed trains[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica,2014,30(6):901-909.
[2] ZHU Ning,SUN Shouguang,LI Qiang,et al. Theoretical research and experimental validation of elastic dynamic load spectra on bogie frame of high-speed train[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,29(3):498-506.
[3] KIM J H,KIM K U,WUB Y G. Analysis of transmission load of agricultural tractors[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,2000,37(3):113-125.
[4] 王文静,王燕,孙守光,等. 高速列车转向架载荷谱长期跟踪试验研究[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2015,50(1):84-89. WANG Wenjing,WANG Yan,SUN Shouguang,et al. Long-term load spectrum test of high-speed train bogie[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2015,50(1):84-89.
[5] Standards Policy and Strategy Committee. BS EN 13749 Railway applications-Methods of specifying structural requirements of bogie frames[S]. London:British Standards Institution,2005.
[6] International Union of Railways. 615-4 Motive power units-Bogies and running gear-Bogie frame structure strength tests[S]. Paris:International Union of Railways,2003.
[7] Japanese Industrial Standards Committee. JIS E 4208-1988 Test methods of static load for truck frames and truck bolsters of railway rolling stock[S]. Tokyo:Japanese Standards Association,1988.
[8] 易当祥,吕国志,周雄伟. 用概率推断法确定多工况二维疲劳设计谱的载荷最大值[J]. 应用力学学报,2006,23(3):484-487,517. YI Dangxiang,LV Guozhi,ZHOU Xiongwei. Maximal loading calculation for two dimensional fatigue design spectrum under multiple working conditions with probability extrapolation method[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2006,23(3):484-487,517.
[9] 刘义伦,ZENNER H. 关于标准载荷累积频次谱的外推[J]. 中南矿冶学院学报,1991,22(5):556-562. LIU Yilun,ZENNER H. Extrapolation about standard collection curves[J]. Journal of Central South University,1991,22(5):556-562.
[10] 安中伟. C70车体模拟疲劳试验载荷谱编制方法研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学,2014. AN Zhongwei. Study on load spectrum compiling method of C70 car body simulation fatigue test[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009.
[11] 薛广进. 基于数理统计方法的轨道车辆载荷谱推断及校准[D]. 北京:北京交通大学,2013. XUE Guangjin. Inference and calibration of rail vehicles load spectrum based on mathematical statistics methods[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2013.
