Original Article

Interfacial Bonding Mechanism and Mechanical Performance of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites in Additive Manufacturing

  • Congze Fan ,
  • Zhongde Shan ,
  • Guisheng Zou ,
  • Li Zhan ,
  • Dongdong Yan
Expand
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology and Equipment, Beijing 100044, China;
    2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    3. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;
    4. China Academy of Machinery Science & Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China

Received date: 2020-05-09

  Revised date: 2020-11-22

  Online published: 2021-08-09

Supported by

Supported by National Key R & D Program of China (Grant No.2017YFB1103400)

Abstract

The additive manufacturing of continuous fiber composites has the advantage of a high-precision and efficient forming process, which can realize the lightweight and integrated manufacturing of complex structures. However, many void defects exist between layers in the printing process of additive manufacturing; consequently, the bonding performance between layers is poor. The bonding neck is considered a key parameter for representing the quality of interfacial bonding. In this study, the formation mechanism of the bonding neck was comprehensively analyzed. First, the influence of the nozzle and basement temperatures on the printing performance and bonding neck size was measured. Second, CT scanning was used to realize the quantitative characterization of bonding neck parameters, and the reason behind the deviation of actual measurements from theoretical calculations was analyzed. When the nozzle temperature increased from 180 to 220 ℃, CT measurement showed that the bonding neck diameter increased from 0.29 to 0.34 mm, and the cross-sectional porosity reduced from 5.48% to 3.22%. Finally, the fracture mechanism was studied, and the influence of the interfacial bonding quality on the destruction process of the materials was determined. In conclusion, this study can assist in optimizing the process parameters, which improves the precision of the printing parts and performance between the layers.

Cite this article

Congze Fan , Zhongde Shan , Guisheng Zou , Li Zhan , Dongdong Yan . Interfacial Bonding Mechanism and Mechanical Performance of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites in Additive Manufacturing[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021 , 34(1) : 21 -21 . DOI: 10.1186/s10033-021-00538-7

References

[1] Z L Wang, B Chen, L H Qiu. Trends of future aircraft hydraulic system. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals, 2000, 1: 14-18. (in Chinese)
[2] J H Brahney. Hydraulic pumps: The key to power generation. Aerospace Engineering, 1991, 12: 9-13.
[3] J H Brahney. Will hydraulic systems meet tomorrow's aircraft power requirement. Aerospace Engineering, 1991, 11: 9-13.
[4] T L Chang. Hydraulic control systems. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2014. (in Chinese)
[5] P G Xiu, J W He, L Hong. Study on 28 MPa hydraulic system pressure ripple of aircraft. Aeronautic Standardization & Quality, 2009, 6: 13-14. (in Chinese).
[6] Y Wang, F Q Hao, S R Guo. Research status and development trend of the expansion chamber pressure pulsation attenuator. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2015, 43(15): 180-186. (in Chinese)
[7] J A Zhao, Y L Fu, J M Ma, et al. Review of the cylinder block/valve plate interface in axial piston pumps: Theoretical models, experimental investigations, and optimal design. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2021, 34(1): 111-134.
[8] R J Qi. Mechanism research of pressure ripple for hydraulic system. Journal of Tongji University, 2001, 29(9): 1017-1022. (in Chinese)
[9] X G Zhang, L Quan, Y Yang, et al. Output characteristics of a series three-port axial piston pump. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 25(3): 498-505.
[10] L Li, Y Y Chen. Working principle and design of axial piston pump. The Fifth International Symposium on Fluid Power Transmission and Control (ISFP'2007), Qinhuangdao, China, June 6, 2007: 294-296.
[11] Y F Yin. The attenuation mechanism and design method of pressure pulsation attenuator. Beijing: Beihang University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[12] Y L Fu, H Q Jing. The development of fluctuation attenuation technology for aviation hydraulic system. Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics, 2012, 2: 3-7. (in Chinese)
[13] B Xu, Q K Feng, X L Yu. Study on pressure pulsation and piping vibration of complex piping of reciprocating compressor. Nuclear Power Engineering, 2008, 29(4): 79-83. (in Chinese)
[14] Z L Wang. Aircraft high pressure hydraulic energy systems. Beijing: Beihang University Press, 2004. (in Chinese)
[15] Y L Dou, T Zhang. Research on fluid pulsation attenuator used in the ship pipework. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2008, 3(4): 40-44. (in Chinese)
[16] H Ortwig. Experimental and analytical vibration analysis in fluid power systems. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2005, 42(21-22): 5821-5830. MATH
[17] E Kojima, M Shinada. Characteristics of fluidborne noise generated by a fluid power pump. Bulletin of JSME, 1986, 29(258): 4147-4155.
[18] E Kojima, T Ichiyanagi. Research on pulsation attenuation characteristics of silencers in practical fluid power systems. International Journal of Fluid Power, 2000, 1(2): 29-38.
[19] C Su. Noise control of hydraulic system. Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics, 2012, 2: 39-40. (in Chinese)
[20] L J Yu, X D Wang, X C Zhang. Control and simulation of flow pulsation in axial plunger pump. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2013, 47(11): 43-47. (in Chinese)
[21] J M Bergada, S Kumar, D L Davies, et al. A complete analysis of axial piston pump leakage and output flow ripples. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2012, 36(4): 1731-1751.
[22] N D Manring, Z L Dong. The impact of using a secondary swash-plate angle within an axial piston pump. ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 2004, 126(1): 65-74.
[23] Z X Jiao, P Chen, Q Hua, et al. Theoretical study on vibration active control of power supply and pipeline systems. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002, 28(4): 465-469. (in Chinese)
[24] P C Ouyang, Z X Jiao, H M Liu. Study on distributed active control of fluid pulsation in hydraulic piping. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007, 33(9): 1060-1063. (in Chinese)
[25] P C Ouyang, H M Liu, Z X Jiao. Active control of fluid pulsation based on bypass overflow principle. Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica, 2007, 28(6): 1302-1306. (in Chinese)
[26] P C Ouyang, Z X Jiao, H M Liu, et al. Active control on fluid borne pulsation using piezoelectric valve as absorber. 2006 IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, 2006, 69(33): 99-114.
[27] X W Ji, H L Liu, J Ke, et al. Active control on fluid pulsation with inflow method based on BP neural network. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals, 2016, 36(10): 17-21. (in Chinese)
[28] S R Guo, Y L Lu. Pressure fluctuation analysis and suppression of hydraulic energy system. Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics, 2011, 11: 49-51. (in Chinese)
[29] X Li, S P Wang, B C Huang. Simulation analysis of flow fluctuation in aviation piston pump and its structure optimization. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2010, 36(3): 60-64. (in Chinese)
[30] Z R Shi, G Parker, J Granstrom. Kinematic analysis of a swash-plate controlled variable displacement axial-piston pump with a conical barrel assembly. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 2010, 132(1): 1-8.
[31] J E Ma, Y T Fang, B Xu, et al. Optimization of cross angle based on the pumping dynamics model. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 2010, 11(3): 181-190.
[32] C Q Liu, J H Jiang. Effect of plunger number on hydraulic transformer's flow pulsation rate. High Technology Letters, 2013, 19(1): 30-36.
[33] M Ye. Theoretical analysis of flow pulsation of axial piston pump. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 1990, 2: 41-46. (in Chinese)
[34] K Ichiryu. Development of accumulator for high frequency ripple absorption. Bulletin of JSME, 1972, 15(88): 1215-1227.
[35] K Ichiryu. Vibration damping method of oil hydraulic system by accumulator. Bulletin of JSME, 1969, 12(53): 1110-1120.
[36] K L Xing, S H Ge, C S Ding, et al. Experimental study of the effect of new series connected bag accumulator on pressure pulsation of oil source. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 1998, 1: 39-40. (in Chinese)
[37] P A Xie, Q Wang. Study on attenuation of fluid-borne pulsation using accumulator. Noise and Vibration Control, 2000, 4: 2-5. (in Chinese)
[38] J H Fang, Y Q Zhou, X D Hu, et al. Study on aerodynamic quality and fluid simulation of expansion mufflers. Journal of System Simulation, 2009, 21(20): 6399-6404. (in Chinese)
[39] S Ramamoorthy, K Grosh, J M Dodson. A theoretical study of structural acoustic silencers for hydraulic systems. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2002, 111(5 Pt 1): 2097-2108.
[40] J M Dodson, D R Dowling, K Grosh. Experimental investigation of quarter wavelength silencers in large-scale hydraulic systems. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 1998, 46(1): 15-22.
[41] Y Zhang. The performances of the pressure pulsation attenuator in hydraulic systems. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[42] R Du. The characteristic analysis of pulsation dampers in hydraulic systems. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2005. (in Chinese)
[43] Y G Cai. Fluid transmission pipeline dynamics. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 1990. (in Chinese)
[44] X P Ouyang, L Li, X Fang, et al. Research status and prospects of resonant-type hydraulic pulsation attenuators. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51(22): 168-175. (in Chinese)
[45] L Kela. Resonant frequency of an adjustable Helmholtz resonator in a hydraulic system. Archive of Applied Mechanics, 2009, 79(12): 1115-1125. MATH
[46] N E Earnhart, K A Cunefare. Compact Helmholtz resonators for hydraulic systems. International Journal of Fluid Power, 2012, 13(1): 41-50.
[47] A Selamet, P M Radavich, N S Dickey, et al. Circular concentric Helmholtz resonators. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997, 101(1): 41-51.
[48] A Selamet, Z L Ji. Circular asymmetric Helmholtz resonators. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2000, 107(5): 2360-2369.
[49] Z J Zhou, X Z Chen, Z B Dai, et al. Study on the modal and damping effect of the parallel type hydraulic pulsation attenuator. Machinery & Electronics, 2016, 34(7): 3-5. (in Chinese)
[50] X R Zeng, J C Zhang. Research on porous concentric hydraulic muffler. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 1990, 1: 41-43. (in Chinese)
[51] E Kojima, T Ichiyanagi. Development research of new types of multiple volume resonators. Bath Workshop on Power Transmission and Motion Control, University of Bath, UK, 1998: 193-206.
[52] C B Guan, Z X Jiao. Modeling and optimal design of 3 degrees of freedom Helmholtz resonator in hydraulic system. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2012, 25(5): 776-783.
[53] J Mikota, H Reiter. Development of a compact and tuneable vibration compensator for hydraulic systems. International Journal of Fluid Power, 2003, 4(1): 17-31.
[54] J Mikota. A novel, compact pulsation compensator to reduce pressure pulsations in hydraulic systems. World Scientific, 2001, 45: 69-78.
[55] F Gao, X P Ouyang, H Y Yang, et al. A novel pulsation attenuator for aircraft piston pump. Mechatronics, 2013, 23(6): 566-572.
[56] S H He, X Z Wang, Z Y He, et al. Filtering properties of thin plate hydraulic pulsation attenuator. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(4): 148-153. (in Chinese)
[57] L X Huang. A theoretical study of passive control of duct noise using panels of varying compliance. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2001, 109(6): 2805-2814.
[58] S H He, Q Q Sang, H B He, et al. Filtering properties of fluid pulsation attenuator with multiple thin plate based on absorbing principle of mechanical vibration. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2015, 5: 1457-1462.
[59] K A Marker, E R Gruber, K A Cunefare. Linear multimodal model for a pressurized gas bladder style hydraulic noise suppressor. International Journal of Fluid Power, 2013, 14(2): 5-16.
[60] E R Gruber, K A Cunefare, P W Danzl, et al. Optimization of single and dual suppressors under varying load and pressure conditions. International Journal of Fluid Power, 2013, 14(3): 27-34.
[61] S H He, Y W Xiong, W Wang. Research on filtering characteristics of hydraulic pulsation attenuator based on bionic principle of basilar membrane of cochlea. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(4): 171-177. (in Chinese)
[62] J H Fang, Y Q Zhou, X D Hu, et al. Research on pressure loss and CFD simulation of the insert-pipe resistance mufflers. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Transportation Science & Engineering), 2009, 33(4): 795-798. (in Chinese)
[63] F Yang, B Deng. Acoustic length correction of the extended inlet and outlet of a circular coaxial expansion chamber hydraulic suppressor. The 25th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Hiroshima, Japan, July 8-12, 2018, 2884-2891.
[64] K A Marek, N E Earnhart, K A Cunefare. Model and analysis of a cylindrical in-line hydraulic suppressor with a solid compressible liner. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2014, 333(24): 6312-6331.
[65] N E Earnhart, K A Cunefare. Compact Helmholtz resonators for hydraulic systems. International Journal of Fluid Power, 2012, 13(1): 1-50.
[66] F Yang, B Deng. Pulsation attenuation characteristics study of an expansion chamber hydraulic suppressor with a compressible liner using a lumped parameter mode. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2018, 37(20): 221-226. (in Chinese)
[67] Y M Li, Z H Zhang, Y Zhang. Analysis of the flow field and optimal design for certain pressure pulsation attenuator based on FLUENT. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2010, 38(11): 86-88. (in Chinese)
[68] G W Stewart. The theory of the Herschel-Quincke tube. Physical Review, 1945, 17(2): 107-108.
[69] A Selamet, N S Dickey, J M Novak. The Herschel–Quincke tube: A theoretical, computational, and experimental investigation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1994, 96(5): 3177-3185.
[70] S H He, A M Ye, W Wang. Characteristics of compound pressure pulsation attenuator. Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology (Natural Science), 2015, 3: 91-97. (in Chinese)
[71] A M Ye. Research on the characteristics and experiments of compound pressure pulsation attenuator. Changsha: Changsha University of Science & Technology, 2015. (in Chinese)
[72] J Q Chen, S L Han, M Y Cui, et al. Numerical and experimental study on a new flow pulsation attenuator used in fluid-filled pipeline. Fluid Machinery, 2014, 1: 1-5. (in Chinese)
[73] C G Li, M Yan. Modeling and simulation analysis of hydraulic systems. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2008. (in Chinese)
[74] Z C Luo. Fluid network theory. Beijing: China Machine Press, 1988. (in Chinese)
[75] Y G Yu, G F Gong, G L Hu. Simulation technique of AMESim and its application in hydraulic system. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals, 2005, 3: 28-31. (in Chinese)
[76] D H Su, J H Yu. New hydraulic simulation technology of AMESim and its application. Machinery, 2006, 33(11): 35-37. (in Chinese)
[77] W W Xu, D Z Wu, L Q Wang, et al. Analysis on characteristics of new muffler for marine pipelines. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2013, 31(2): 142-145. (in Chinese)
[78] H A Tian, Z Y Xun, C F Zheng, et al. Simulative investigation into acoustic characteristics of water silencers. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2007, 2(6): 62-64. (in Chinese)
[79] D L Zhang, L F Zhao, H Y Zhang, et al. Comparative analysis of simulation accuracy for silencer transmission loss. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2010, 23(6): 649-654. (in Chinese) MathSciNet
[80] A Broatch, J R Serrano, F J Arnau, et al. Time-domain computation of muffler frequency response: Comparison of different numerical schemes. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2007, 305(1-2): 333-347.
[81] J M Middelberg, T J Barber, S S Leong, et al. CFD analysis of the acoustic and mean flow performance of simple expansion chamber mufflers. ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, California, USA, November, 13-19, 2004: 151-156.
[82] J M Middelberg, T J Barber, S SLeong, et al. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the acoustic performance of various simple expansion chamber mufflers. Proceedings of Acoustics, 2004: 123-127.
[83] O Z Mehdizadeh, M Paraschivoiu. A three-dimensional finite element approach for predicting the transmission loss in mufflers and silencers with no mean flow. Applied Acoustics, 2005, 66(8): 902-918.
[84] T W Wu, C Y R Cheng, P Zhang. A direct mixed-body boundary element method for packed silencers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2002, 111(6): 2566-2572.
[85] A J Torregrosa, A Broatch, A Gil, et al. Analysis of acoustic networks including cavities by means of a linear finite volume method. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2012, 331(20): 4575-4586.
[86] Z R Zhang, J L Li, C M Mak. Simulation analysis of acoustic attenuation performance for different shape of an expansion chamber silencer. 2009 Second International Conference on Information and Computing Science, Manchester, England, May 21-22, 2009: 10-13.
[87] C J Shan, X H Liu, G Z Wang. Flow characteristics CFD resolution of pressure pulsation attenuator of high pressure piston pump. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2005, 7: 113-114. (in Chinese)
[88] C J Shan. Pressure pulsation attenuator mathematic simulation and CFD flow resolution. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2004. (in Chinese)
[89] Z F Shen. Design and numerical simulation of grating pressure pulsation attenuator. Ship Engineering, 2016, 38(9): 67-70. (in Chinese)
[90] H A Tian, G M Liu, Y Q Yang. Emulational investigation of resistance loss of silencer used in seawater pipeline. Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology, 2004, 14(1): 29-32. (in Chinese)
[91] J M Ma, F Wang, G W Yang, et al. Design and analysis of one type of pulse filter for hydraulic system. Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica, 2009, 40(11): 285-293. (in Chinese)
[92] A Selamet, P M Radavich. The effect of length on the acoustic attenuation performance of concentric expansion chambers: An analytical, computational and experimental investigation. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1997, 201(4): 407-426.
[93] B Venkatesham, M Tiwari, M L Munjal. Transmission loss analysis of rectangular expansion chamber with arbitrary location of inlet/outlet by means of Green's functions. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2009, 323(3-5): 1032-1044.
[94] S Nag, A Gupta, A Dhar. Effect of geometric parameters on the acoustical performance of single inlet single outlet expansion chamber muffler. International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques, Chennai, India, March, 3-5, 2016: 2522-2526.
[95] G W Jang, J W Lee. Optimal partition layout of expansion chamber muffler with offset inlet/outlet. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2015, 16(5): 885-893.
[96] C J Shan. Structure design and attenuation method of hydraulic mufflers. Journal of Jiamusi University (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 31(5): 749-751. (in Chinese)
[97] L K Xuan, Y Liu, J F Gong, et al. A time-domain finite volume method for the prediction of water muffler transmission loss considering elastic walls. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 9(2): 1-9.
[98] Z F Shen. The optimization of a centrifugal pump pressure pulsation attenuator design and experimental study. Ship Science and Technology, 2017, 39(3): 78-81. (in Chinese)
[99] L P Chu, L L Yang, B Zhao, et al. Research on attenuating pressure pulsation of reciprocating compressor using the external inserted volume-choke-volume acoustic filter. Compressor Technology, 2017, 2: 1-5. (in Chinese)
[100] J E Ma. Study on flow ripple and valve plate optimization of axial piston pump. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2009. (in Chinese)
Outlines

/