对水下湿法焊接等离子体成分的计算一直很少，文中通过搭建水下湿法焊接试验平台，对电弧光谱信息进行采集分析，根据诊断的结果及气泡成分的研究，确定了计算中所考虑的粒子. 在此基础上，通过对水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体的平衡方程的分析，基于质量作用定律，选择五种基本粒子，将其它粒子用这五种基本粒子表示，代入守恒方程组，在特定的压力和温度下计算了各个粒子的数密度，这种方法和传统的通过求解Saha方程等守恒方程组得到等离子体粒子数密度不同. 结果表明，不同温度区占据主要成分的粒子不同，对电弧等离子体产生的影响也不同，既可以为进一步研究水下湿法焊接电弧稳定性及焊接质量提供理论依据及基础，也可以和光谱信息结合进行温度计算及主要温度区间的粒子确定.
There has been very little calculation of the composition of underwater wet welding plasma. The article collects and analyzes the arc spectral information by setting up an underwater wet welding experiment platform. Based on the results of the diagnosis and the study of the bubble composition, the particles considered in the calculation were determined. On this basis, Analysis of the equilibrium equation of underwater arc welding by arc plasma, Based on the law of mass action, five basic particles are selected, and other particles are represented by these five basic particles, substituted into the conservation equations, and the number density of each particle is calculated under specific pressure and temperature. This method and the traditional method of solving the Saha equation and other conservation equations to obtain different plasma particle density. The results show that the particles occupying the main components in different temperature zones have different effects on arc plasma. It can provide theoretical basis and basis for further study of underwater wet welding arc stability and welding quality, and can also be combined with spectral information for temperature calculation and particle determination in main temperature range.
[1] 马云鹤, 李至尊, 孙立, 等. 水下湿法焊接技术研究进展[J]. 热加工工艺, 2018, 47(17): 10-13
Ma Yunhe, Li Zhizun, Sun Li, et al. Research progress of unde- rwater wet welding technology[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2018, 47(17): 10-13
[2] Sun Q J, Cheng W Q, Liu Y B, et al. Microstructure and me- chanical properties of ultrasonic assisted underwater wet welding joints[J]. Materials & Design, 2016(103): 63-70.
[3] Bai Qiang, Zou Yan, Kong Xiangfeng, et al. The influence of the corrosion product layer generated on the high strength low-alloy steels welded by underwater wet welding with stainless steel electrodes in seawater[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2017, 16(01): 49-56.
[4] Grzegorz Rogalski, Dariusz Fydrych, Jerzy Łabanowski. Und-erwater wet repair welding of API 5L X65M pipeline steel[J]. Polish Maritime Research, 2017, 24(s1): 188-194.
[5] 王伟宗, 荣命哲, Anthony B MURPHY, 等. 平衡态电弧等离子体统计热力学属性的计算[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2011, 45(4): 86-92
Wang Weizong, Rong Minzhe, Anthony B MURPHY, et al. Calculation of statistical thermodynamic properties of equilibrium arc plasma[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2011, 45(4): 86-92
[6] 张勇. 水下湿法药芯焊丝焊接过程熔滴过渡、气泡行为以及焊缝成形的研究[D].山东：山东大学, 2018.
[7] Wang G R, Yang Q M. Spectroscopic study of temperature of underwater welding arc[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 1997, 33(2): 93-98.
[8] 史耀武, 张新平, 雷永平. 严酷条件下的焊接技术[M].北京: 机械工业出版社, 2000.
[9] 汤文辉, 徐彬彬, 冉宪文, 等. 高温等离子体的状态方程及其热力学性质[J]. 物理学报, 2017, 66(3): 29-46
Tang Wenhui, Xu Binbin, Ran Xianwen, et al. Equation of state of high temperature plasma and its thermodynamic properties[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(3): 29-46
[10] 郭伟, 郭宁, 杜永鹏, 等. 不同水下环境介质对水下焊接电弧等离子体成分及温度的影响[J]. 焊接学报, 2016, 37(10): 13-16
Guo Wei, Guo Ning, Du Yongpeng, et al. Effect of different underwater environmental media on plasma composition and temperature of underwater welding arc[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution., 2016, 37(10): 13-16
[11] 邱德川. 大气压下空气电弧组分与折射率计算及其在莫尔偏折中的应用[D]. 西安：西南交通大学, 2017.
[12] Mayer L A, Mayer M G. Statisticla mechanicals[M]. New York, USA: Wiley, 1940.
[13] Ralchenk O Y, Kramida A E, Reader J, et al. NIST atomicspectradatabase[DB/OL].[2019-07-01].http://www.nist.go-v/pml/data/asd.cfm.
[14] Huber K, Herzberg G. Molecular spectra and molecular structure:IV Constants of diatomic molecules[M]. New York, USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1979.
[15] 杨乾铭. 水下焊接电弧温度的光谱诊断研究[D].广州：华南理工大学, 1996.
