列车运行过程中轮对和轴承将产生动态相互作用，并对轴箱和轴承振动及运用安全产生重要影响，但既有研究尚未考虑这种动态耦合作用。在车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型基础上，考虑轴承与列车耦合运动关系，建立6自由度滚子和6自由度保持架的双列圆锥滚子轴承模型，研究高速动车组轴箱轴承的振动及载荷特征。结果表明，轮轨激扰加剧了轴箱轴承振动，使得滚子与滚道在非承载区发生碰撞，非承载区的最大碰撞力可达到承载区最大碰撞力的一半左右，轮轨激扰还可使得滚子与保持架碰撞力增大，加剧保持架打滑；轴承振动对轴箱加速度的影响主要集中在1 kHz以上；轮对和轴箱振动加速度幅值较为接近，但轴箱垂向加速度比轮对垂向加速度稍大，轴箱横向加速度比轮对横向加速度略小。提出的车辆-轴承耦合振动研究方法丰富了车辆系统动力学研究范畴，研究成果对揭示高速动车组轴箱轴承振动及载荷特性具有重要意义。
Dynamic interaction between wheelset and bearing will be produced during the train operation, and cause axle box and bearing's vibration which have important influence on safety of the train operation, unfortunately, previous researches has not considered this dynamic coupling effect. The coupling motion between bearing and train is considered, a double row tapered roller bearing model with 6 degrees of freedom roller and 6 degree of freedom cage is established, and vibration characteristics of axle box bearing of high speed EMU are investigated based on vehicle-track coupling dynamics model. The results show that the wheel rail excitation increases the vibration of the axle box bearing, causing the roller and raceway to collide in the unloaded zone, and the maximum impact force in the unloaded zone can reach about half of the maximum impact force in the all loaded zone; the wheel rail excitation can also increase the impact force between the roller and cage, and increase the cage slippage; axle box amplitude is influenced by bearing amplitude in more than 1 kHz; the wheelset and axle box vibration acceleration amplitude is close, but the vertical acceleration of axle is slightly larger than the vertical acceleration of wheelset, the lateral acceleration of axle is slightly smaller than the lateral acceleration of wheelset. The research method of vehicle-bearing coupling vibration enriches the research scope of vehicle system dynamics, and the research results have great significant to reveal the vibration and load characteristics of the axle box bearing of EMU.
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