针对纵向磁场作用下的电弧难提取焊缝信息的问题，设计一种由3个纵向分布磁感线圈组成的‘山’形分布纵向磁场传感器. 利用COMSOL软件模拟非对称纵向磁场作用电弧形态. 取焊接过程电弧电压分布对应的磁感应强度作为焊缝识别试验的磁感应强度. 用高速摄影仪拍摄非对称纵向磁场作用下的电弧运动轨迹，并与新型传感器设计的电弧运动轨迹进行比较，验证纵向磁场传感器产生非对称纵向磁场的电弧形态变化. 结果表明，非对称纵向磁场能控制电弧进行焊缝识别，并能解决窄间隙焊接过程中的咬边和侧壁不融合. 该方法为磁控焊缝跟踪传感器在窄间隙焊接的应用开辟了新的方向.
To address the difficulty of extracting welding seam information under the action of a longitudinal magnetic field, a “mountain”-distributed longitudinal magnetic field sensor composed of three longitudinally distributed magnetic induction coils was designed. The arc shape under the action of an asymmetric longitudinal magnetic field was simulated using COMSOL software. The magnetic induction intensity corresponding to the arc voltage distribution during welding was considered the magnetic induction intensity for weld identification experimentation. The arc trajectory under the action of the asymmetric longitudinal magnetic field was photographed with a high-speed camera and compared with the arc trajectory designed by the new sensor to verify changes in the arc shape of the asymmetric longitudinal magnetic field generated by the longitudinal magnetic field sensor. The results show that the asymmetric longitudinal magnetic field can control the arc to identify the weld seam and can solve undercut and sidewall non-fusion in the narrow gap welding process. This method opens a new direction for applying magnetron seam tracking sensors in narrow gap welding.
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