研究了Ni含量对Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi(x = 0, 0.5, 1和2，质量分数)钎料熔点和微观组织的影响，用Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi钎料对304不锈钢进行钎焊连接，分析了接头的界面组织与剪切性能. 结果表明，添加不同含量的Ni后，Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi均为近共晶钎料，其熔点约为245 ℃；Sn-8Sb-4Cu钎料组织由α相基体、Sb2Sn3 + Cu6Sn5 + Sn复合相和Cu6(Sn,Sb)5 相组成. 添加Ni元素后，钎料中块状Cu6(Sn,Sb)5转变为细小、均匀分布的 (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5. 当Ni含量小于1%时，随Ni含量的增加，钎料中的复合相和(Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5相均增加；当Ni含量为2%时，钎料中的复合相和(Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5相均减少，但(Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5相中Ni含量增加至与Cu相当；Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304钎焊界面均形成了一层厚度约1.5 μm的扩散反应层，EDS分析显示，该层为FeSn2化合物. 钎缝中全部为Cu6Sn5型化合物，未见Sn-Sb 型化合物. Ni元素的添加，提高了304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304钎焊接头的抗剪强度，当Ni含量为0.5%时，接头抗剪强度最大，为67 MPa，与不含Ni钎料相比提高了60%. 所有接头的断裂位置均位于钎缝.
韩晓辉
,
张志毅
,
邓建峰
,
刘勇
,
王博
,
徐野
. Ni含量对304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304钎焊接头组织与剪切性能的影响[J]. 焊接学报, 2023
, 44(2)
: 117
-122
.
DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20220325008
Effect of Ni content on melting point and microstructure of Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi (x=0, 0.5, 1 and 2, mass fraction) solders were investigated. 304 stainless steel were joined by Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi solders, and interfacial microstructure and shearing property of the solder joints were analyzed. The results showed that all of the Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi with different Ni content are near eutectic solders, with a melting point of 245 ℃. The microstructure of Sn-8Sb-4Cu solder was consisted of α phase, Sb2Sn3 + Cu6Sn5+Sn composite phase and Cu6(Sn,Sb)5 phase. After the addition of Ni, the bulk Cu6(Sn,Sb)5 transformed into fine and uniformly distributed (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5. When Ni content was less than 1%, the amount of composite phase and (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5 phase increased with the increasing of Ni content. When Ni content increased to 2%, the amount of composite phase and (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5 phase decreased with the increasing of Ni content, however, Ni content in the (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Sb)5 phase increases to be comparable to Cu. A diffusion layer with a thickness of about 1.5 μm formed at the Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 interface, which was identified to be Fe2Sn by EDS. Only Cu6Sn5 type intermetallic compounds formed in the solders of 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 joints. The addition of Ni element improved the shear strength of 304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304 brazed joints, and the maximum shear strength of 67 MPa was achieved when the Ni content was 0.5%, which was 60% higher compared to the Ni-free brazing material. The shear fracture locations of all joints were located in the soldering seam.
[1] 颜怡文, 刘为开. 封装中无铅焊锡与不锈钢及铁镍的界面反应[J]. 电子与封装, 2010, 10(6): 1-5
Yan Yiwen, Liu Weikai. Interfacial reactions in lead-free solders with Au/Ni/SUS 304 and alloy 42 in microelectronic packaging[J]. Electronics & Packaging, 2010, 10(6): 1-5
[2] 裴冲, 吴欣, 程耀永, 等. 采用BNi82CrSiB钎料钎焊1Cr12Ni3MoVN不锈钢的接头组织及性能[J]. 电焊机, 2020, 50(9): 268-272
Pei Chong, Wu Xin, Cheng Yaoyong, et al. Microstructures and mechanical properties of brazing 1Cr12Ni3MoVN stainless steel joints with BNi82CrSiB filler metal[J]. Electric Welding Machine, 2020, 50(9): 268-272
[3] 范东宇, 汪一卉, 黄继华, 等. Cf/SiC复合材料与304不锈钢钎焊接头组织与性能 [J]. 焊接学报, 2014, 35(12): 31-34.
Fan Dongyu, Wang Yihui, Huang Jihua, et al. Brazing Cf/SiC composite materials with 304 stainless steel using Ti-Zr-Be filler metal[J], Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2014, 35(12): 31-34.
[4] 张青科, 裴夤崟, 龙伟民. 奥氏体不锈钢钎焊界面裂纹形成机制研究[J]. 金属学报, 2013, 49(10): 1177-1184
Zhang Qingke, Pei Yinyin, Long Weimin. Investigations on formation mechanisms of brazing cracks at the austenitic stainless steel/filler metal brazing joint interfaces[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2013, 49(10): 1177-1184
[5] 王星星, 李帅, 彭进, 等. 基于镀锡银钎料钎焊304不锈钢接头的腐蚀行为[J]. 焊接学报, 2018, 39(4): 63-66
Wang Xingxing, Li Shuai, Peng Jin, et al. Corrosion behaviors of 304 stainless steel joints brazed with Sn-electroplated Ag brazing alloys[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2018, 39(4): 63-66
[6] Liu Xu, Huang Xiaomeng, Ma Huibin, et al. Microstructure and properties of the joints of ZrO2 ceramic/stainless steel brazed in vacuum with AgCuTi active filler metal[J]. China Welding, 2018, 27(2): 52-56.
[7] 管永星, 薛松柏, 韩若男, 等. 新型304不锈钢软钎焊用钎剂的研制[J]. 焊接学报, 2013, 34(2): 101-104
Guan Yongxing, Xue Songbai, Han Ruonan, et al. Development of flux for soldering of 304 stainless steel[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2013, 34(2): 101-104
[8] 周许升, 龙伟民, 裴夤崟, 等. 不锈钢软钎焊用钎料和钎剂的研究[J]. 焊接, 2014(1): 26-29
Zhou Xusheng, Long Weimin, Pei Yinyin, et al. Study on solder and flux for soldering stainless steel[J]. Welding & Joining, 2014(1): 26-29
[9] 郝云波, 赵凯, 杨萍, 等. 激光熔覆锡基巴氏合金微观组织和力学性能[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2018, 28(10): 2016-2023
Hao Yunbo, Zhao Kai, Yang Ping, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of tin-based babbitt alloy made by laser cladding deposition[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2018, 28(10): 2016-2023
[10] Yang L, Jie X H, Guo L. Low-temperature property of new type lead-free solder Sn-X-Cu-Ni[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 154-155: 371-375.
[11] Ventura T, Terzi S, Rappaz M, et al. Effects of Ni additions, trace elements and solidification kinetics on microstructure formation in Sn-0.7 Cu solder[J]. Acta Materialia, 2011, 59(10): 4197-4206.
[12] Tao Q B, Benabou L, Vivet L, et al. Effect of Ni and Sb additions and testing conditions on the mechanical properties and microstructures of lead-free solder joints[J]. Materials & Science Engineering: A, 2016, 669(4): 403-416.
[13] Lee C, Lin Y W, Yen Y W. The 260 ℃ phase equilibria of the Sn-Sb-Cu ternary system and interfacial reactions at the Sn-Sb/Cu joints[J]. Intermetallics, 2007, 15(8): 1027-1037.
[14] 郭亚希, 谢敬佩, 王文焱, 等. 铸造方法对巴氏合金组织及性能的影响[J]. 河南科技大学学报, 2009, 30(4): 8-11,116
Guo Yaxi, Xie Jingpei, Wang Wenyan, et al. Effect of casting method on microstructure and property of babbitt alloy[J]. Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology (Nature Science), 2009, 30(4): 8-11,116
