使用旁路分流熔化极惰性气体保护焊(bypass current metal inert gas welding，BC-MIG焊)在水冷条件下增材制造镍铝青铜(nickel aluminum bronze，NAB)和25号钢复合结构，以评估异种金属增材制造的可行性. 通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机和硬度测试仪研究了热处理前后复合结构的微观组织和力学性能的影响. 通过X射线衍射仪研究了界面附近残余应力，结果表明，在BC-MIG焊的低热输入和水冷的高冷却速率下，结构件表面成形良好且自由变形较小，接头未发现缺陷和裂纹. 热处理促进了Cu, Fe元素的相互扩散，扩散层由4 μm提高到了17 μm，但界面没有形成Fe-Al金属间化合物层. 在水冷条件下，钢的残余应力分布在−350 ~ −250 MPa之间，而NAB的残余应力差异较大，在−550 ~ 90 MPa之间. 拉伸试验结果表明，热处理后，由于残余应力降低，结构的抗拉强度略微降低，但断后伸长率明显提高.
苗玉刚
,
刘吉
,
李小旭
,
赵羽杨
,
王子然
,
张本顺
. BC-MIG丝材电弧增材制造NAB/钢复合结构的微观组织与力学性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2023
, 44(7)
: 56
-62
.
DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20220824002
Nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) and grade 25 steel composite structures were fabricated using bypass current metal inert gas（BC-MIG）welding arc additive manufacturing technology under water-cooled conditions to evaluate the feasibility of dissimilar metal additive manufacturing. The results showed that under low heat input of BC-MIG welding and high water cooling rate, the surface of the additive manufacturing structure was well-formed with minimal deformation and no defects or cracks were found in the joints. The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. Heat treatment promoted the mutual diffusion of Cu and Fe elements, and the diffusion layer increased from 4 μm to 17 μm, and no Fe-Al intermetallic compound layer was formed at the interface. Residual stresses near the interface were studied by X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that under water-cooling conditions, the residual stresses of steel were distributed among −350 MPa to −250 MPa, while the residual stresses of NAB varied significantly from −550 MPa to 90 MPa. Tensile test results showed that after heat treatment, the tensile strength of the structure decreased slightly due to the reduction of residual stress, but the elongation was significantly improved.
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