高能束焊接·增材制造

常压/真空环境激光焊接焊缝成形特性及残余应力与变形对比

  • 张国滨 ,
  • 姜梦 ,
  • 陈曦 ,
  • 陈奥 ,
  • 雷正龙 ,
  • 陈彦宾
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  • 哈尔滨工业大学, 先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室, 哈尔滨, 150001
张国滨,学士;主要研究方向为激光焊接与增材制造数值模拟;Email: 2478467239@qq.com

收稿日期: 2022-05-03

  网络出版日期: 2022-09-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52105328);黑龙江省“百千万”工程科技重大专项(2020ZX03A01);中国博士后基金面上项目(2021M700990);黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-Z20143)

A comparison study of characteristics of weld formation, residual stress and distortion of laser welding under atmospheric pressure and vacuum

  • ZHANG Guobin ,
  • JIANG Meng ,
  • CHEN Xi ,
  • CHEN Ao ,
  • LEI Zhenglong ,
  • CHEN Yanbin
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  • State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China

Received date: 2022-05-03

  Online published: 2022-09-28

摘要

在高功率激光焊接中,采用增大激光功率的方法以获得更大熔深时,面临焊接过程稳定性差、焊接缺陷频发等问题,目前国内外普遍认为真空激光焊接是解决以上问题的有效手段. 文中采用工艺试验和数值模拟的方法,研究了常压和真空环境下中厚度全熔透激光焊接在焊缝成形及残余应力与变形分布的差异. 结果表明,降低环境压力可显著增加激光焊接熔透深度,真空环境可以将常压环境10 mm全熔透激光焊接所需激光功率从10 kW降低到6 kW,并获得更好的焊接质量. 常压环境和真空环境下,全熔透激光焊接工件展现出类似的横向残余应力、纵向残余应力和变形分布规律,但由于真空环境下热输入较低,焊缝深宽比大,焊后残余应力的峰值和变形程度均显著小于常压环境.

本文引用格式

张国滨 , 姜梦 , 陈曦 , 陈奥 , 雷正龙 , 陈彦宾 . 常压/真空环境激光焊接焊缝成形特性及残余应力与变形对比[J]. 焊接学报, 2022 , 43(8) : 34 -41 . DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20220503002

Abstract

In high-power laser welding, the welding process usually exhibits unstable and defects frequently occurs when higher laser power is used to achieve deeper penetration. At present, it is well recognized that laser welding under vacuum is an effective method to solve the above problems. In this work, a comparison study of weld formation, residual stress and distortion in full-penetration laser welding of medium-thick plates under atmospheric pressure and vacuum was conducted based on a research program of experiment and numerical simulation. The results showed the depth of penetration can be significantly increased by decreasing the ambient pressure, and the required laser power for a 10 mm-thick full-penetration decreased from 10 kW (atmospheric pressure) to 6 kW and a sounder weld quality was obtained under vacuum. The transverse residual stress, longitudinal residual stress and deformation showed a similar distribution under both atmospheric pressure and vacuum. However, the peak values of the residual stress and deformation under vacuum are significantly lower than those for atmospheric pressure due to the lower heat input and the larger depth to width ratio of the weld.

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