钛合金带筋壁板类T形结构常见于航空制造领域，其激光焊接工艺已经比较成熟. 但是即便在激光高速焊接过程热输入已经很低，仍然会存在一定的焊后角变形. 由于航空制造的高精度要求，需要施加额外的主动控制以最大限度减小此类角变形. 文中提出并验证了基于可编程多点柔性支撑的主动变形控制方法. 针对传统刚性装夹、预置应力不适应于弱刚性带筋壁板结构的问题，设计了一套以STM32单片机为主控，直线电动推杆为执行机构的多点柔性支撑装置. 结果表明，可在焊接过程实时监测当前支撑位置的受力状态，并进行动态调节，从而达到有效抑制焊接角变形的效果.
Titanium alloy T-shape joints are commonly employed in the field of aircraft manufacturing, and its laser welding process is relatively mature. However, even if the heat input in the high-speed laser welding process is already relatively low, there will still be a certain degree of deformation after welding. Due to the high-precision requirements in the aircraft manufacturing, the angular distortion of welded sheets needs to be further reduced, so that additional active control would be necessary to apply to minimize such angular deformation. In this paper, an active deformation control method based on programmable multi-point flexible supports is proposed and verified. For traditional rigid clamping, the preset stress is not suitable in view of the problem of weakly rigid ribbed thin structure. A multi-point flexible support device with micro-controller and linear electrical actuator is designed in this study, which can monitor and adjust the force of the current support position in real time during the welding process. The welding deformation thus could be effectively reduced.
[1] Gao F Y, Mu Z Z, Ma Z W. Fine microstructure characterization of titanium alloy laser narrow gap welded joint[J]. China Welding, 2021, 30(3): 31-38.
[2] 孟圣昊, 司昌健, 任逸群, 等. 中厚板TC4钛合金真空环境激光焊接特性[J]. 焊接学报, 2021, 42(8): 40-47,74
Meng Shenghao, Si Changjian, Ren Yiqun, et al. Laser welding characteristics of medium and heavy plate TC4 titanium alloy in vacuum environment[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2021, 42(8): 40-47,74
[3] Berg J, Stranghoener N. Fatigue strength of welded ultra high strength steels improved by high frequency hammer peening[J]. Procedia Materials Science, 2014, 3: 71-76.
[4] Liu Z G, Jin X Z, Li J H, et al. Numerical simulation and experimental analysis on the deformation and residual stress in trailing ultrasonic vibration assisted laser welding[J]. Advances in Engineering Software, 2022, 190-191: 103-200.
[5] 刘雪松, 徐文立, 方洪渊. 钛合金薄板焊接应力的随焊锤击控制[J]. 焊接学报, 2004, 25(2): 84-86
Liu Xuesong, Xu Wenli, Fang Hongyuan. Control of welding stress of titanium alloy sheet with welding hammer[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2004, 25(2): 84-86
[6] Xu W L, Li S P, Guo S Q, et al. Dynamic low stress little distortion hot crack-free welding methods[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2002, 34(3): 297-301.
[7] Li X Z, Hao J J, Li C J, et al. Design of welding with trailing peening system for reaction nitrogen arc welding cladding[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012, 1923: 444-446.
[8] 赵耀邦. 双向预置应力控制焊接变形及防止热裂纹研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2007.
Zhao Yaobang. Study on the control of welding deformation and prevention of hot cracks by two-way preset stress [D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007.
[9] 周广涛, 刘雪松, 方洪渊. 纵向预置应力法控制薄板焊接残余应力与变形[J]. 机械工程材料, 2008(3): 78-81
Zhou Guangtao, Liu Xuesong, Fang Hongyuan. Controlling residual stress and deformation of thin plate welding by longitudinal prestressing method[J]. Mechanical Engineering Materials, 2008(3): 78-81
[10] Liu Y, Wang P, Fang H Y, et al. Mitigation of residual stress and deformation induced by TIG welding in thin-walled pipes through external constraint[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021, 15: 4636-4651.
