研究超声波工具头作用于液态Ga表面时，液态Ga在石英玻璃表面的铺展行为，并通过Comsol Multiphysics软件对液态Ga的流动过程和压力变化情况进行模拟分析. 结果表明，液态Ga在铺展过程中初始阶段铺展缓慢，超声波作用时间为24 ms时液态Ga的铺展面积为2.754 cm2；超声波作用时间为72 ms时液态Ga的铺展面积迅速增大至5.459 cm2；超声波作用时间84 ms时达到平衡状态，铺展面积为5.508 cm2. 铺展过程中，液态Ga表面可以观察到明显的空化泡和涟漪状波纹. 施加超声波后，液态Ga内部压力在一个周期内发生变化，液态Ga顶部以负压为主，并且沿半径向圆心方向压力递增至正压，在超声波作用时间为1.7 ms时液态Ga内部压力以正压为主. 在超声波作用下，液态Ga表面所受压力幅值自上而下逐渐减小，同时液态Ga在内部压力偏移量、Laplace压强差和“坍塌效应”的共同作用下铺展，最终形貌发生显著变化.
This paper draws on the spreading behavior of liquid Ga on the surface of quartz glass when the ultrasonic horn acts on the surface of liquid Ga. The flow process and pressure change of liquid Ga was performed and analysis using Comsol Multiphysics software. The results show that the liquid Ga spreads slowly in the initial stage of the spreading process, and the spreading area of liquid Ga is 2.754 cm2 at 24 ms. The spreading area of liquid Ga increases to 5.459 cm2 at 72 ms over a short period of time. It reached an equilibrium state at 84 ms with a spreading area of 5.508 cm2. Obvious cavitation bubbles and ripples could be observed on the surface of liquid Ga during the spreading process. The internal pressure of liquid Ga changes in one cycle after ultrasound was applied. The top of liquid Ga is dominated by negative pressure, and the pressure increased to positive pressure along the radius to the center of the circle. The internal pressure of liquid Ga is dominating by positive pressure at 1.7 ms. The pressure amplitude at the surface of liquid Ga gradually decreases from top to bottom under the action of ultrasonic waves. Meanwhile, liquid Ga spreads under the combined action of internal pressure offset, Laplace pressure difference and “collapse effect”, final morphology changes significantly.
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